Report of the Royal Commission on Labour in India

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1850495947

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-233603

Document type:: Monograph

Title:: Report of the Royal Commission on Labour in India

Place of publication:: London

Publisher:: His Majesty's Stationery Off.

Year of publication:: 1931

Scope:: xviii, 580 S.; graph. Darst., Kt.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter VI. - Seasonal factories

Collection:: Economics Books

SEASONAL FACTORIES. 79 employ of the labour contractor, assorters in the employ of balers and press hands in the employ of the press house owner. All three classes, therefore, may claim a different employer and, moreover, are paid on a different system. The carriers are paid fortnightly by the contractor on a time-rate basis, obtaining advances against wages when necessary from their sardars. The labour in the employ of balers is paid on piece rates, vouchers for work done being cashed as and when the worker pleases. The press house staff, the only labour which can be character- ised as permanent, is paid by the month. Special Treatment of Seasonal Factories. Prior to 1922, seasonal factories were given a great deal of latitude, both by the law and by the administration. The recognition of the need for better protection of the workers led to the stiffening of the law in respect of seasonal factories and greater vigour in its enforce- ment. The Factories Act now makes little distinction between seasonal and non-seasonal factories. But in practice the former have tended to secure in matters of exemption and enforcement, an amount of latitude, which is not accorded to other factories. The degree of latitude varies from province to province, thus making the law somewhat arbitrary and ambiguous. Further, in certain provinces, the natural concentration of an overworked staff on the perennial factories has re- sulted in too little attention being given to the problems which seasonal factories create. We consider that the law should recognise - more definitely the special position of seasonal factories, and that the aim should be to establish standards which may not be identical with those of perennial factories, but which will be enforced with as much vigour as is applicable to the latter. We deal in turn with a number of questions specially or mainly concerning seasonal factories. In respect of matters not discussed here, the recommendations regarding the ap- plication of the Factories Act to perennial factories are intended to apply to seasonal factories also. Power of Granting Exemptions. Dealing first with hours of labour, all the existing restrictions to which we have referred in connection with perennial factories are ordinarily applicable to seasonal factories. Provincial ‘Governments, however, have certain powers of exemption which relate specially to seasonal factories. All such factories can be exempted from the provision requiring a weekly holiday. Those factories which are “ at times dependent on the irregular action of natural forces ” can be exempted from the provision requiring a manager to specify the hours of employment beforehand, and tea, coffee and indigo factories can also be exempted from the provision relating to intervals. The power of grant- ing these exemptions is subject to the control of the Governor General in Council, and provincial Governments may attach such conditions as appear suitable to the exemptions they give. Exemptions must also be published in the local official gazette. Other exemovtions ean ala

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