Das kommunale Wahlrecht

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 1882367391

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-238395

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Hirsch, Paul http://d-nb.info/gnd/116905670; Lindemann, Hugo http://d-nb.info/gnd/123303990

Title:: Das kommunale Wahlrecht

Edition:: 2., erg. Aufl.

Place of publication:: Berlin

Publisher:: Buchh. Vorwärts

Year of publication:: 1911

Scope:: 51 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

Usage license:: Get license information via the feedback formular.

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Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: V. Baden

Collection:: Economics Books

Skc. 2] INCOME ACCOUNTS 121 measured in its own special unit. The quantity of the serv- ices of a gardener is often measured by the number of hours he works; the services of a windmill, by the number of gallons of water pumped. Quantities of services (or disservices) are thus, like instruments of wealth, very hetero- geneous and are incapable of being combined in a single sum. To obtain a homogeneous mass of value, we must multiply the quantity of services (or disservices) by their several prices. Income and outgo, then, like capital, are used in two senses: - 1ncome-services (as well as outgo-disservices) and wncome-value (as well as outgo-value). Hereafter, when the terms “income” or ‘“outgo’ are used alone, the value sense will be understood. The value of any individual service or disservice con- stitutes an element of income or outgo. The value of all the services flowing from an article of wealth through any period, that is, the sum of all the elements of income, is called its gross income. The excess of the gross income over the outgo, in other words, the algebraic or net sum of all elements of income and outgo, is the net income. If, instead of an excess, there is a deficiency, it is called net outgo. Net income is of far more importance, both in practice and in theory, than gross income. Gross income may often be measured in more than one way, according as the elements of which it is composed are considered with or without accompanying offsets; but the sum called net income will be the same in either case. § 2 Income (or outgo) always implies (1) capital as the source, and (2) an owner of capital as the beneficiary. Mr. Smith’s income from his farm implies that the farm yields the income and that Mr. Smith receives it. In this book we shall need to consider income chiefly in its rela- tion to the capital yielding it rather than in its relation to

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