Organizacion política y económica de la Confederacion Argentina, que contiene: 1. Bases y puntos de partida para la organización política de la República Argentina; 2. Elementos del derecho público provincial argentino; 3. Sistema económico y rentístico de la Confederacion Argentina; 4. De la Integridad nacional de la República Argentina, bajo todos sus gobiernos

The agrarian system of Moslem India

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Identifikator:: 825824427

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-50636

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Alberdi, Juan Bautista http://d-nb.info/gnd/118644254

Title:: Organizacion política y económica de la Confederacion Argentina, que contiene: 1. Bases y puntos de partida para la organización política de la República Argentina; 2. Elementos del derecho público provincial argentino; 3. Sistema económico y rentístico de la Confederacion Argentina; 4. De la Integridad nacional de la República Argentina, bajo todos sus gobiernos

Edition:: Nueva edicion oficial, corregida y revisada por el autor

Place of publication:: Besanzon

Publisher:: Impr. de José Jacquin

Year of publication:: 1856

Scope:: 1 Online-Ressource (XVII, 870 S.)

Collection:: Economics Books

Usage license:: Get license information via the feedback formular.

THE LAST PHASE IN NORTHERN INDIA 171 village would .at once be raised; and concealment was flected, or at least facilitated, by the employment of a special unit of area for the land cultivated by the Brother- hood. To take a case! reported from part of what is now the Ghazipur district, the net sum payable by the members of the Brotherhood being Rs. 150, and the area cultivated by them being 300 ordinary bighas, they had to pay only 8 annas per bigha; but, if this fact had become known, there would have been prompt enhancement, so they kept a special measuring-rope for their own cultivation, giving a bigha four times the usual size, and thus only 75 bighas, instead of 300, were recorded in the village papers, and the payment on this area worked out at Rs. 2 per bigha, a figure sufficiently high to avoid suspicion. Where then the organisation of the Brotherhood func- tioned effectively, the profit of the village was shared equitably among the members, and competent Headmen might be able to show a profit of reasonable amount; but where a usurping Headman was found, he took much of the profit for himself in the way indicated in the quotation given in the last section, charging the members at rates somewhat less than were paid by other peasants, and remaining “in his own person the master of profit and loss.” On the other hand, there are cases on record where members of the Brotherhood paid the same rates as other peasants, because the assessment left nothing in the way of profit, and there may have been cases, though I have not come across any, where the Brotherhood actually paid rather more. The economic effect of the system was thus to take out of the 1 Mehendy Ally Khan's report to Jonathan Duncan, Rev. Sel, i. 170. The statement that the use of the special unit of area was intended to ~onceal the facts was controverted on conjectural grounds by Baden- Powell (The Land-Systems of British India, ii. 138). His argument was that the officials “would not in the least care for areas. They probably had no measurement, but a traditional assessment of the village. . . . They cared nothing for how much land each sharer held, as long as the whole demand was paid.” Aurangzeb’s farmans, however, show that the lata of area were regularly taken into account in making the annual assessments, so that this conjectural argument falls to the ground. They show also that the officials were ordered to make use of the village-accounts, so that it is reasonable to infer that Mehendy Ally -knew what he was writing about when he wrote that the special unit was used “to the end that, should their putwarree’s accounts be ever called for by Government or the Amil, the profits in their villages mav not be known to amount to so much.’”’

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