Die Volkswirthschaftslehre

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 833000799

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-36018

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Schober, Hugo

Title:: Die Volkswirthschaftslehre

Edition:: 3. Aufl.

Place of publication:: Kiel

Scope:: 1 Online-Ressource (X, 391 S)

Collection:: Economics Books

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ASCHAFFENBURG. 61 sights, but from the standpoint of housing, they are open to every possible objection. They are. however, gradually disappearing. In some of the older houses, now inhabited by working people, one comes across fine carved oak work—massive balustrades and doors—indicating that they were once the houses of well-to-do citizens. Many of these antiquated buildings have been condemned, and are now used as workshops and warehouses. A notable feature of some of the older survivals is the " Kniestock ” (literally “ Knee-story ”), or double attic, where, from the steep roof, one series of dormer windows projects above another ; low rooms are here the rule, and the slanting ceiling further diminishes the cubical space. When the worst has been said of the old houses, however, one excellent feature of the housing arrangements of Aschaffenburg, even in the centre of the town, remains, viz., the absence of high buildings. Very few houses exceed three stories and the ground-floor, and even on the outskirts the speculative builder has scarcely dared to defy local tradition in this respect. Where three stories are exceeded the fourth takes the form of an attic story, with dormer windows or roof lights. Three stories are the normal limit ; many houses consist of but the ground-floor and a story above ; and a number have but a single habitable story with perhaps a loft above lighted from the roof. Not only so, but there is little overcrowding, since with the country so near there could be no valid excuse for this. As a rule the houses have plenty of open space, the only exceptions being those built centuries ago round close courtyards, and they cannot be regarded as representative. Back gardens are not uncommon. There are, indeed, back-houses, but they are divided from the houses on the street line by ample areas. The building regulations are not so stringent as in larger towns which have had to grapple with serious housing difficulties. It is required that a tenement shall in general consist of at least one heatable room and one bedroom of 25 square metres (269 square feet) superficial area, together with a kitchen, a storeroom for wood, coal, &c., and a privy with separate entrance, and the height of the rooms must be at least 8 feet 9 inches, except attic rooms, which may be 8 feet 2 inches, maintained over half the floor surface. Furthermore, it is required that the rooms shall provide at least the normal cubical space per person (343 cubic feet for an adult and 171J for a child), while in the interest of ventilation, light, and security in the event of fire, it is stipulated that at least a quarter of a building plot must remain open at the rear. It is not required that the conveniences shall be within the dwelling ; they may be placed on the landings, but they must not be outside the house. Few of the old houses of Aschaffenburg, and not a large number of the new ones, have water-closets. The cesspool system of drainage is still in vogue. As the three-room tenement predominates, a description of such a dwelling of modem erection may be given here. Such tenements may be constructed singly (that is, one on each floor) or in pairs (that is, two entered from each landing), but in each case the internal arrangement is much the same. The landing gives approach to an open or closed corridor, upon which the doors of all the & apartments abut. Two rooms will generally be lound to the front, while behind are the third room, the kitchen, and the convenience, unless this be off the stairs half way up from one landing to another. It is the rule for all the rooms in a suite, save the kitchen, to be intercommunicable, even if they have separate doors opening upon the corridor or landing. The latter arrange ment is especially convenient when lodgers are kept, and it also enables a single room to be let off as a complete tenement in exceptional cases. In typical tenements the corridors are 13 feet long and 3 feet 3 inches wide ; the livino- and bedrooms have a depth of 13 feet G inches at the front of the house and 13 feet 10 inches at the back, while the width varies from 9 feet 9 inches to 14 feet 8 inches. As already stated, the Aschaffenburg kitchen is almost invariably very small and incapable of use either as a living or a bed room, but in exceptional cases many kitchens may be found with dimensions of 13 feet by 10 feet. Many of the newer houses have balconies to the back, constructed either of concrete or iron, with a plain iron-rail protection, which serves in the stead of a clothes-drying cord. In the general finishing of

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