Die Zollgesetze der österreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie nach dem gegenwärtigen Stande der Gesetzgebung nebst allen auf die Einhebung und Verwaltung der Zölle Bezug habenden Vorschriften und Erlässen

Banking standards under the federal reserve system

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 834699508

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-88487

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Zauschner, E.

Title:: Die Zollgesetze der österreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie nach dem gegenwärtigen Stande der Gesetzgebung nebst allen auf die Einhebung und Verwaltung der Zölle Bezug habenden Vorschriften und Erlässen

Place of publication:: Wien

Publisher:: Beck

Year of publication:: 1871

Scope:: 1 Online-Ressource (LVII, 525 S.)

Collection:: Economics Books

Usage license:: Get license information via the feedback formular.

SERIES CORRELATED WITH EXPENSES 239 expense, and that the higher or lower the ratios in the first series, the higher or lower are those in the second series. But is the reverse of these conditions true? The answer to this question, and to similar questions for other series, is found in Table 142. From this table it is seen that ratios in certain series are closely correlated with those of total expense. Generally speaking, the relations are as follows: (1) when ratios of expense are high or low—that is, above or below the level for the country as a whole —ratios of investments and of net earnings to earning assets are low or high; that is, the correlations are negative; (2) when ratios of expense are high or low, those of time deposits and of gross earnings to earning assets are also high or low—that is, they are positively correlated; and (3) the greater the deviation from type in the matter of total expense, the greater the deviation in ratios of investments and of gross earnings to earning assets. The net percentage amounts of deviation in the ratios in these series are positively correlated with similar deviations in ratios of total expense. That these relations markedly characterize the bulk of the frequencies dealt with, at least for certain of the series, is ap- parent from the alignment of the distributions shown in Table 143, the association between total expense and gross earnings ratios being strikingly consistent. Space is not available in which to record the paired frequencies for all of the correlated series. In general, however, the type of distribution is accu- rately summarized in the net amounts given in Table 142. Moreover, as shown in Table 143, the type of relations found for deviations for all districts all years tends to obtain for all years for the Boston district, and for the year 1925 for all districts. A table, summarizing the types of relations measured in dif- ferent ways found to obtain between variable ratios in a number of series (the dependent variables) and ratios of total expense (the independent variable) will bring together our findings in these respects and supply, with other tables already presented, the bases for the generalizations on pages 249-250. Such a table is that found on page 250. Chart 48 shows graphically the rela- tions between ratios of total expense and net earnings to earning assets.

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