L' Industrie cotonnière en Allemagne

L' Industrie cotonnière en Allemagne

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 84539584X

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-36509

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Koechlin, Armand

Title:: L' Industrie cotonnière en Allemagne

Place of publication:: Paris

Publisher:: Pelletier

Year of publication:: 1906

Scope:: 1 Online-Ressource (387 S)

Collection:: Economics Books

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Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Établissements

Collection:: Economics Books

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HE THEORY OF STATISTICS. agricultural labourers in 38 rural unions. The values (earnings) are first of all totalled and the total divided by XN to give the arithmetic mean M, viz. 15s. 1119d., or 15s. 11d. to the nearest penny. The earnings being estimates, it is not necessary to take the average to any higher degree of accuracy. Having found the mean, the difference of each observation from the mean is next written down as in col. 3, one penny being taken as the unit : the signs are not entered, as they are not wanted, but the work should be checked by totalling the positive and negative differences separately. [The positive total is 300 and the negative 290, thus checking the value for the mean, viz. 15s. 11d. +10/38.] Finally, each difference is squared, and the squares entered in col. 4,—tables of squares are useful for such work if any of the differences to be squared are large (see list of Tables, p. 356). The sum of the squares is 16,018. Treating the value taken for the mean as sensibly accurate, we have— 16018 DL ESS . Fix Sn =421'5 o = 205d. If we wish to be more precise we can reduce to the true mean by the use of equation (4), as follows :— 2 16,018 mis Fe =4215263 10 d=—==02632; d2= 00693 38 Hence ol=s2—d?=4214570 o= 20'529d. Evidently this reduction, in the given case, is unnecessary, illustrating the fact mentioned at the end of § 4, that small errors in the mean have little effect on the value found for the standard deviation. The first value is correct within a very small fraction of a penny. 50

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