Cost of living in German towns

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 866449027

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-93831

Document type:: Monograph

Title:: Cost of living in German towns

Place of publication:: London

Publisher:: Stat. Off.

Year of publication:: 1908

Scope:: 1 Online-Ressource (LXI, 548 Seiten)

Collection:: Economics Books

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368 MUNICH. the aspect of the surroundings and of the resident population. There are com paratively few factories and workshops of any size in the heart of the city ; for these one must go to the suburbs, and it is here, too, that the labouring classes will for the most part be found. A feature of Munich life and Bavarian life generally is the outdoor work, often of an arduous kind, which is done by women. In rural Germany every where women take their place in the field and farmyard, in the work of forest and garden, and in any German town they may he seen drawing along the streets little carts laden with wood or other wares. In Bavaria, however, women work alongside of men in callings still more onerous. They act as hod-hearers ; they break huge stones with heavy hammers in the " Bauplatz ” (the site of building operations) ; they chop faggots in the street for householders, and carry heavy loads on the wooden racks suspended from their shoulders ; and in Munich a considerable part of the work of street cleaning is done by women, who are paid 2s. 6d. for a long day’s exertion. The wood choppers and street cleaners are strongly-built women, for the most part apparently of middle age (unless exposure has prematurely aged them), somewhat bent yet tenacious looking, with faces furrowed, weather-beaten, and tanned. They bear their work well, and seem capable of any exertion. Public opinion would not appear to judge the employment of women in this way with disfavour, though it is significant that the Nuremberg masons’ labourers not long ago petitioned their employers to discontinue the employment of women on building works. Munich had a birth rate in 1905 of 30'3 per 1,000 of the population, com paring with 42 3 per 1,000 on the average of the years 1876-1880 ; the marriages were 8*9 per 1,000 in 1905 ; and the death rate was 20T per 1,000, showing a reduction of 5 per 1,000 during the past 10 years, but one of 9 per 1,000 when compared with 20 years ago. The illegitimate births were 27*2 per cent, of all births, compared with 12'6 per cent, for Bavaria as a whole. The rate of infant mortality in 1905 was 226 per 1,000 births. Here there has been slow but steady improvement during the past 20 years ; in the ’eighties it exceeded 300 per 1,000, and in 1871 it was 417. The deaths from tuberculosis in 1905 were 3*3 per 1,000 of the population ; the deaths from tuberculosis of the lungs were 2'9 per thousand, showing a very slight decrease on the past ten years, though a large one on the rate of 30 years ago, which was 4 per 1,000. The following table shows the birth and death-rates and the infantile mortality for a period of five years :— Year. Birth-rate per 1,000 of the population. 1901 1902 J903 1904 1905 36*4 351 331 319 303 Death-rate per 1,000 of the population. 22 2 214 207 20 5 201 Infantile mortality per 1,000 births. 246 240 239 229 226 A comparison of the mortality rates in 1905 in certain working-class districts with those of the town generally gives the following results :— The whole town District 14 „ 15 „ 17 „ 18 ,, 20 Death-rate per 1,000 of population. Infantile mortality per 1,000 births. 201 249 25 1 26 0 29 5 28-7 226 258 238 314 313 312 A large variety of undertakings of public utility are carried on by the municipality. They include, in addition to gas, electricity, and water supplies.

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