A magyar korona országainak betegsegélyző pénztárai 1898-ban = Die Krankenkassen der Länder der ungarischen Krone im Jahre 1898

An Introduction to the theory of statistics

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 890185476

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-7558

Document type:: Monograph

Title:: A magyar korona országainak betegsegélyző pénztárai 1898-ban = Die Krankenkassen der Länder der ungarischen Krone im Jahre 1898

Place of publication:: Budapest

Publisher:: Pester Buchdruckerei-Actien-Gesellschaft

Year of publication:: 1901

Scope:: 1 Online-Ressource (164, 131 Seiten)

Digitisation:: 2017

Collection:: Economics Books

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Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: I. Allgemeiner Bericht

Collection:: Economics Books

120 THEORY OF STATISTICS. it is useless in the cases cited at the end of § 6 ; the median wage cannot be found from the total of the wages-bill, and the total of the wages-bill is not known when the median is given.) (c) It is sometimes useful as a makeshift, when the observations are so given that the calculation of the mean is impossible, owing, e.g., to a final indefinite class, as in Table IV. (Chap. VI. § 10). (d) The median may sometimes be preferable to the mean, owing to its being less affected by abnormally large or small values of the variable. The stature of a giant would have no more influence on the median stature of a number of men than the stature of any other man whose height is only just greater than the median. If a number of men enjoy incomes closely clustering round a median of £500 a year, the median will be no more affected by the addition to the group of a man with the income of £50,000 than by the addition of a man with an income of £5000, or even £600. If observations of any kind are liable to present occasional greatly outlying values of this sort (whether real, or due to errors or blunders), the median will be more stable and less affected by fluctuations of sampling than the arithmetic mean. (In general the mean is the less affected.) The point is discussed more fully later (Chap. XVIL). (e¢) It may be added that the median is, in a certain sense, a particularly real and natural form of average, for the object or individual that is the median object or individual on any one system of measuring the character with which we are concerned will remain the median on any other method of measurement which leaves the objects in the same relative order. Thus a batch of eggs representing eggs of the median price, when prices are reckoned at so much per dozen, will remain a batch representing the median price when prices are reckoned at so many eggs to the shilling. 19. The Mode.—The mode is the value of the variable corre- sponding to the maximum of the ideal frequency-curve which gives the closest possible fit to the actual distribution. It is evident that in an ideal symmetrical distribution mean, median and mode coincide with the centre of symmetry. If, however, the distribution be asymmetrical, as in fig. 22, the three forms of average are distinct, #o being the mode, 4/7 the median, and JM the mean. Clearly, the mode is an important form of average in the cases of skew distributions, though the term is of recent introduction (Pearson, ref. 11). It represents the value which is most frequent or typical, the value which is in fact the fashion (la mode). But a difficulty at once arises on attempting to determine this value for such distributions as occur in practice. It is no use giving merely the mid-value of the class-interval into which the greatest frequency falls, for this is entirely dependent

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