PERU

99

Ilo.  The  docks  at  Callao,  the  leading  port,
are  quite  modern  and  capable  of  receiving  the
largest  vessels.
Peru’s  products  are  chiefly  mineral  and  agricultural. ­

Her  mines  have  long  been  famous,  producing ­
  gold,  silver,  copper,  iron,  coal,  bismuth,
lead,  quicksilver,  tungsten,  antimony,  molybdenum, ­
  vanadium  and  borax.  Her  petroleum
fields  are  a  source  of  much  revenue.  Her
guano  industry  is  being  revived  by  protecting
the  birds  which  frequent  the  islands  and  by
restricting  the  working  of  these  deposits.
Sugar  cane,  cotton,  and  rice  are  profitably
raised.
The  forests  of  the  eastern  section  are  rich  in
cabinet  and  medicinal  woods.
Copper  is  the  leading  metal  mined,  the  production ­
  in  1912  being  valued  at  $9,625,000,
while  the  amount  of  silver  extracted  in  the
same  period  was  $5,152,412.  Vanadium,
used  for  hardening  steel,  exists,  the  deposits
being  larger  than  in  any  other  locality.  More
than  $500,000,  or  70  per  cent,  of  the  world’s