RELATION TO EXECUTIVE. 169 
Queen members of the Privy Council after their retirement 
are permitted to retain the title “Honourable” for life, and 
those who do not belong to the Cabinet for the time being 
may be regarded as “honourable” members of the Privy 
Council. 
By section 15 of the B. N. A. Act, the Command-in-Chief of Jo vgs 
the land and naval militia and of all naval and military forces and Navy. 
of and in Canada, is declared to continue and to be vested in 
the Queen. The Governor-General is not therefore the Com- 
mander-in-Chief of Her Majesty's forces, but he may in time 
of peace determine the object with which, and the extent to 
which, Her Majesty’s forces are to be employed. 
In 1862 the Imperial House of Commons resolved, that 
Colonies exercising the rights of self-government ought to 
undertake the main responsibility of providing for their own 
internal order and security, and ought to assist in their own 
external defence, and in accordance with this resolution 
British troops were withdrawn from Canada and the other 
Colonies. 
In 1868 the Dominion Parliament passed the first of a Militia 
series of Militia Acts in order to provide for the defence of Sh 
the Dominion. By the present Militia Act® the command is 
vested in Her Majesty, and is to be exercised either by Her 
Majesty personally or by the Governor-General as her 
representative. 
The Minister of Militia is charged with the administration 
of Militia affairs, but power is given to the Governor-General 
in Council from time to time to prescribe his duties? 
4 POWERS AS REGARDS THE J UDICATURE. 
The only judicial functions that the Governor-General is 
called on to discharge are to hear in Council any appeal from 
any Act or decision of a Provincial Authority affecting any 
1 R. S.C. 1886, c. 41. 2 See post, e. XVII.