UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES 111 
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to say that both the National Association of Manufacturers and all 
State associations that are here represented, at the present cooperat- 
ing with every local force and organization to remedy the condition 
which confronts us, and I appeal very confidently to either Miss 
Perkins or to others who here represent their own States as public 
officials for confirmation of the statement that I make to you, and 
[ shall later call your specific attention to evidences of this. 
I am very much tempted, Mr. Chairman, merely as a background 
for the discussion I desire to present, to refer, if I may, for a moment 
to some of the matters that have been brought to the attention of 
your committee, only in so far as they are pertinent to the funda- 
mental inquiry that I wish to address to you, and that is that this 
bill is invalid and unconstitutional, and that it represents an unsound 
policy which will not produce the effect which has been here suggested, 
and that in fact, as I shall show you as a matter of record, 1t is nos 
in consonance with the recommendations of the public bodies that 
have been chiefly referred to here, but is in contradiction to them, 
as I shall endeavor to show you from the official records. 
Let me say first of all, if I may, Mr. Chairman, without drifting too 
far from the immediate subject of inquiry before this committee, 
that the great problem of regularizing employment in the United 
States is receiving not merely the sporadic or temporary, but the 
continuous attention of the executives of manufacturing operations 
throughout the United States. All the gentlemen whose names were 
presented to you by Miss Perkins this morning are members of the 
National Association of Manufacturers, and our committees are 
continually engaged in the study of these great problems, in the 
accumulation and exchange of information between their members, 
and our committees in active operation as well as in their annual 
gatherings or quarterly gatherings and conventions, are exchanging 
information and undertaking to do everything within their power to 
regularize the conditions of employment, and in doing so to profit so 
far as they can by the experience of fellow manufacturers individually 
or collectively. 
And inasmuch as there has been the general suggestion here this 
morning that our economic machinery appears to be failing in the 
performance of its functions, since it has not met and satisfactorily 
solved a problem so serious as that of continuous employment, I 
want to call your attention just for a moment to one or two of the 
things that it has done, which are an enormous contribution to this 
situation, realizing, as I am sure all of you gentlemen do, that the 
penalty of our progress is continuous difficulties in adjusting ourselves 
to a rapidly changing economic environment—and that is not peculiar 
to the situation of the wage earner, in whom we have the profoundest 
interest; it-is the. position of the manufacturer himself. } 
As a preliminary consideration let me beg to call your attention to 
the results of the remarkable inquiries that have just been published 
an inquiry on the National Income and Its Purchasing Power, by 
Doctor Willford King, issued under the authority and by the direction 
of the National Bureau of Economic Research. On the board of that 
body is a most representative group of economists, of business men, 
of executives of labor organizations, representing every shade and 
phase of public thought, and through that is strained all the results 
118808—30—sER 11——8