24 SUMMARY ON ORIGIN AND BIRTHPLACE 
(2) Turning next to the progress of assimilation by intermarriage with the basic stocks 
of the country, one finds even greater differences between the foreign stocks. While 24.0 
p.c. of the married males of North Western European origin and 24.6 p.c. of the females had 
married into the British and French stocks, only 5.2 p.c. of the men and 2.5 p.c. of the 
women of South, Eastern and Central European stock had done so. Similar differences 
appear in the data for the linguistic groups. (See Chart 8.) Generally speaking, those of 
Scandinavian and Germanic origins showed a relatively large amount of intermarriage 
with the British and French, while the Slavs and the women of Latin end Greek 
origin showed very small percentages. The Itahan and Greek males have intermarvied 
more than the females because of the large surplus of men in the immigration from these 
countries. 
A study of intermarriage between the foreign stocks and the English speaking peoples 
reveals such interesting facts as the following: approximately 43.4 p.c. of the married men 
of Dutch origin had married wives of British stock, 36.8 p.c. of the Swiss and 34.5 pc. of 
the Danes. As against these, one finds such strikingly low figures as 3.6 p.c. for the Poles, 
3.3 p.c. for the Roumanians, 1.6 pc. for the Hebrews, 1.3 p.c. for the Austrians, 0.7 p.c. 
for the Ukrainians and 0-5 p.c. for the Galicians. 
Important as are such differences, the absolute magnitude of the proportions is of as 
great if not greater significance. Assimilation by intermarriage with the British and French 
has made some progress among most of the North Western European peoples, but it has 
scarcely begun with those of the South, Eastern and Central parts of the Continent. 
(3) Considerations of length of residence in Canada, sex distribution and numerical size 
of the several groups interfere with the use of the above percentages as an index of assimila- 
bility. As has been pointed out, they merely measure the amount of assimilation by inter- 
marriage having already taken place. There appear, however, to be very real differences 
between the groups in respect to ease of assimilation, quite independent of the three more 
or less accidental and extraneous factors mentioned above. A multiple correlation was worked 
out, and the expected amount of intermarriage was ccmputed for the males of nineteen white 
stocks in terms of (1) length of residence as indicated by percentage of stock North 
American born, (2) percentage surplus of males (21 years of age and over), and (3) pro- 
portion which the stock constituted of the total population of Canada. 
In seven out of nineteen cases, the actual amount of intermarriage up to 1921 exceeded 
expectation. All seven groups, except the Czechoslovaks, were North Western European 
peoples. With the exception of the Dutch and Icelanders, those showing percentages less 
than expectation were all South, Eastern and Central Europeans. Moreover, the differences 
in agssimilability were of no mean order. Intermarriage for the Swedes and Danes, for 
example, exceeded expectation by 75 p.c., and that for the Austrians fell short by 42 pe. 
for the Icelanders 52 p.c. and for the Ukrainians by 61 pe. It is a wide spread from 75 pc. 
above to 61 p.c. below expectation, and it would be hard to find more conclusive proof that 
peculiarities of the different stocks are of major importance in the matter of assimilation. 
It was shown, in particular, that segregation was an important barrier to intermarriage 
—indeed, the disparity between the figure for the Icelanders and those for the other Scandina- 
vian peoples is probably due mainly to geographical and occupational segregation. 
That the recorded intermarriage for the Dutch was slightly below expectation is explained by 
the segregation of the Mennonites in Manitoba and Saskatchewan, and the unusually low 
figure for the Ukrainians is attributed in part at least to a similar circumstance. Some stocks 
tend to segregate to a much greater extent than do others, and to that extent they are more 
difficult to assimilate. 
Other barriers also were found to exist, but the principal findings of this subsection 
may be summarized as follows: First, the different stocks differ radically in assimilability 
by marriage with other stocks in Canada, and secondly, speaking generally, the North Western 
Europeans are possessed of distinctive characteristics favourable to assimilation by marriage, 
while the peculiarities of the South, Eastern and Central Europeans and, in particular. their 
tendency to segregate make assimilation abnormally difficult.