PROTECTION OP MATERNITY. 
21 
Senator Warren. Now, as to the money which is handed to the 
States, I am assuming then that they will run their expenses. 
Miss Lathrop. I think that they will run them as they choose r 
under the provisions of the act. You can not offer a uniform plan 
to all of the States, because in all of the States there is a difference 
of conditions and because of the constitutions in the States they 
must make different plans. 
Senator Warren. Your proposition would be that so far as the 
$480,000 is concerned, that you would set aside immediately $10,- 
000 to each State ? 
Miss Lathrop. Yes; if the plan of this bill was accepted. 
Senator Warren. So that that part of it would not take very 
much time. When you speak of visiting these various States, 
and visiting the governors, what would be the first thing to do 
Miss Lathrop. Of course, I would first do it by correspondence. 
Senator Warren. I know. 
Miss Lathrop. In one State it might be done in one way and in 
another in another way. We want to get it started with an equal 
understanding of the responsibilities of the States and of the Govern 
ment. 
The Chairman. Are there any further questions \ 
Senator Phipps. Is there any State which has already organized a 
bureau of hygiene conducting work along the lines proposed in this 
bill, and if so, what States are they ? 
Miss Lathrop. The States have been increasingly organizing in 
their departments of health, child hygiene divisions, and most of the 
States have done so since 1918 and 1919, when we made a special 
effort 
Senator Phipps. Your bureau was established when? 
Miss Lathrop. In 1912. We have tried to stimulate those States 
to go along the lines of information and education- 
Senator Phipps. Do you recall how many States there are in that 
category ? 
Miss Lathrop. There are 35 States, I think, which have already 
Senator Phipps. There are 35 that are in favor of this aid to the 
States. Mv question was, how many are now conducting these 
bureaus of hygiene ? 
Miss Lathrop. That is what I mean. They have such bureaus of 
child hygiene in the State health agency. They have very recently 
organized them, and many of them have little money. 
Senator Phipps. What is the particular need for those States call 
ing on the National Government for aid ? 
Miss Lathrop. I suppose it is that thus far all States are not as 
well persuaded as the Federal Government of the possibility of con 
trolling and reducing the risk to mothers and children. They never 
have realized what the problem was, and they look to the 1 ederal 
Government, I think, for information and suggestions. It is fair to 
say that in nine years since the bureau has been established, its very 
slender fund useil in the way of publication has aroused an interest 
in this problem. The way to meet it is by local activities solely by 
county communities, with community nurses and with a traveling 
service 
Senator Phipps. The question arises naturally, first, why do not 
the States conduct this work themselves? Why do they wait for 
the Federal Government to take the initiative ?