— 
   
   
INDEX 415 
of dividends out of, 75, 256; 
of “real’’ person and of “fic- 
titious’’ person, 92-93; relation 
of credit to, 96; fallacious sta- 
tistics of, 98; confusion of in- 
come and, 105-112, 114-115, 
351; fallacy of adding to income 
savings of, 108, 134-135, 247- 
255, 349, 353; income need not 
leave unimpaired, 110-111; 
outgo is not, 124; analogous to 
and correlative with income, 
184; physical productivity and 
value productivity of, 185, 186; 
physical return and value return 
of, 185, 186; mistake of dis- 
tinguishing between land and, 
186-187; fundamental principle 
of value of (value of future 
income), 188; increase of, equals 
excess of earnings over income, 
237-238; relation between 
amount of, and risk involved, 
277, 408-409; reserves of, held 
to avoid risk, 290; representa- 
tion of income and, by polar 
coordinates, 393-395; effect of 
foreknown tax on increase of, 
398-400; taxation of impair- 
ment of, 400-403. 
Capital accounts, definition of, 67, 
89; methods of balances and 
couples in summing up, 90-92; 
relation between income ac- 
counts and, 139, 256-264. 
Capital balance, 81, 329. 
Capital cost, 124-125. 
Capital curves, 303-322, 369-378. 
Capital-goods, meaning of term, 67, 
329; classification of, 72. 
Capital instruments, 66-67, 72, 329; 
regulation of income by com- 
bining, 127-129, 245-246. 
Capitalization, definition of, 64, 330; 
rate of, 194; employment of 
rate of, as alternative to rate 
of interest, 199; table showing 
equivalent rates of interest, 
discount, and, 200; of income 
by means of rate of interest,202 ; 
dimensions of rates of discount, 
interest, and, 367-368. 
Capitalize, use of term, 64, 330. 
Capital property, 67, 72, 330. 
est, 202; of perpetual annuity, 
205-208, 369; of terminable 
annuity, 209-210, 374-378 ; risk 
element in determining, 210; 
of a bond, 211-217, 382; of 
any income stream, 217-221, 
387-388; of alternative income 
streams, 221-222; of group of 
articles, 223; is the discounted 
value of expected income, 223— 
224, 304-305; less than total 
expected income, 227-228 ; effect 
of change of interest rate on, 
229, 271-273, 390-393 ; enumer- 
ation of causes affecting, 284 
285; as mean between past cost 
and future income, 305-309; 
formula for, of sum due in one 
year, and of sum due at any time, 
368. 
Capital-wealth. See Capital goods. 
Carver, cited, 117 n.2 
Cash, income and outgo accounts of, 
131-132, 135-136 ; account book 
of lawyer, 136-137; as an in- 
come meter, 137-138. 
Caution, coefficient of : 276-277, 330; 
applied to insurance, 292 ; mathe- 
matical presentation of, 403. 
Census (U. S., 1905), cited concern- 
ing railway valuation, 36 n. 
Certificates, of property, 23; ne- 
cessity of separating from wealth, 
property, services, and utility, 
38; stock, 68-70; receiver’s, 
86. 
Chance, element of, in property 
rights, 22, 330; involving risk 
of insolvency, 81; nature of, 
265-269; always an estimate, 
266; an affair of ignorance, 
268 ; measurement of, 269-271; 
mathematical value of a, 275; 
in valuing stock, 280-283 ; effect 
of, on discount curve, 286-287 ; 
effect of, on bookkeeping, 287- 
288; effect of, on capital curves, 
320-322. 
Chen, Chin tao, cited on utility, 47. 
Clark, J. B., cited on utility, 47; 
concept of capital of, 55, 56, 
60; term ‘capital-goods” sug- 
gested by, 67; use of economic 
terms by, 67; ‘Niagara Falls” 
  
Capital-value, 67, 72, 327, 330; deter- 
mination of, from rate of inter- 
  
simile of, applied to income, 129 ; 
distinction between work and 
  
    
   
     
   
   
   
      
    
    
     
    
     
    
    
    
   
   
  
    
   
   
   
    
   
   
    
    
   
   
      
     
   
   
    
   
   
   
   
     
   
    
   
   
   
    
   
   
   
RC 
UE