CAPITAL AND THE PLANTING OF NEW INDUSTRIES 517
jealous of the introduction of cotton weaving, or of any AD a
textile art that might interfere with the market for their ’
goods’, and Parliament looked askance on the manufacture and cotton
and printing of cotton fabrics. The Huguenots started
calico printing at Richmond in Surrey? The prohibition
of Indian fabricsé, which had been devised in the interest
of the woollen manufacture, told for a time in favour of the
new trade; but under Anne, an excise was imposed on
English-printed goods®, The wares produced in England,
by printing white goods imported from India, suited the
public taste so well, that the jealousy of the woollen
manufacturers revived. It seems that there was a violent
outbreak, especially at Colchester. Defoe gives us a curious were
picture of the conflicting interests at stake. The rioters to"
appear to have mobbed and insulted the women who wore fu
these fabrics, and they even threw aqua fortis over their
clothes and into their carriages. If Defoe’s® statement is to
be relied on, we cannot wonder that the taste for these goods
developed so rapidly, as they only cost an eighth part of the
price of the woollen fabrics they supplanted. He appears,
however, to have sympathised with the weavers, as also did
Parliament; for, in 1720, an Act was passed” which prohibited
 the use of these calicoes, whether printed at home
or abroad. The trade suffered a severe blow; but was
continued in the printing of linens, and later of cotton with
a linen warp.
The industries, which were thus introduced and fostered,
were, for the most part, developed on capitalistic lines. «If and these
we take a view of those Towns where the Silk and Cotton fades
Trades have settled themselves, we shall find there ten

1 A scheme for increasing the home demand for cloth is contained in A brief
deduction of the origin, ete. of the British Woollen Manufacture (1727), p. 51. It
zives an admirable description of the local distribution of the trade, of its history,
vith the names of Flemish settlers, and of the development of foreign competition.
! Baines, The History of the Cotton Manufacture, 259.
3 Baines, op. cit. 259.
411 and 12 W. IIL c. 10. An act for the more effectual employing the poor by
encouraging the manufactures of this Kingdom.
3 10 Anne, ¢. 19; 12 Anne, ii. ¢. 9.
i 'W, Lee, Daniel Defoe, 11. 138.
i 7 Geo. I. ¢. 7, amended 9 Geo. 11, ¢. 4.