TORY SENTIMENTS 
exotic trades they had none. Manufactures, which worked 1 
up native products, were advantageous in many aspects, but write 
even these the Tories did not view with much enthusiasm, pene 
Where industry was organised on the domestic system, and } 
the artisan had by-occupations available, there was little 
risk. But the existence of a large wage-earning body of 
artisans was a cause of considerable anxiety, especially in 
times of bad trade, and added largely to the numbers of 
those who might be chargeable to the rates 
On the whole it may be said that the Tories regarded 
trade from its immediate effects on the consumer, while the 
Whigs endeavoured to look farther, at its ulterior effects on 
the development of the country. Since they were indifferent 
to the fostering of industry, the policy of the Tories appears 
bo have some affinity with the laissez faire views which 
eventually triumphed; and to a certain extent this was 
the case. The Tories were content to let things develop 
slowly, and took no keen interest in active measures to 
stimulate either agriculture or industry. That the Whigs ns 
. . . ve sults of 
made grievous mistakes is true, but it is also true that the applying, | 
main object they had at heart was achieved to an extra- spies had 
ordinary extent, during the period when they were in power? fh ve, 
At the time of the Civil War, English industry was but little 
developed, and English agriculture was very backward. When 
the Wealth of Nations was published, both had advanced 
enormously. ‘We may condemn the artificial stimulus Whig 
measures induced, while yet we recognise the advantage of 
a forward policy. The principles of the Mercantilists had 
been more compatible with pushing trade, and with progress, 
than those of the Bullionists, and survived. The principle of 
Joint Stock enterprise had been more favourable to the 
energetic development of commerce than the rules of regu- 
lated Companies, and these had practically disappeared. In 
so far as economic interests helped to determine political 
issues, the Whigs came into power and maintained their 
position, because they were eager to stimulate material pro- 
gress both in rural and urban employments. 
L See above, p. 562 n. 4, and 571, 577; also 638 below. 
! Salomon, William Pitt. G4. 
601