247 
HAMBURG (with ALTONA). 
One of the Free Cities of Germany and the country’s principal seaport, 
Hamburg is generally associated with the Prussian town of Altona, which forms 
its western prolongation. The division between the two towns is purely a 
political and administrative division, and their mercantile and industrial interests 
are inseparable. For that reason the two towns will, as far as possible, be 
associated in the present report. 
The town of Hamburg alone had a population in 1905 of 802,793, against 
705,738 in 1900, showing an increase of 97,055, or 13*75 per cent. To the 
State of Hamburg belongs, however, a rural area, and in 1905 the population of 
that area was 72,085, against 62,611 in 1900, showing an increase of 9,474, or 
15*13 per cent. 
Hamburg’s increase during the past 40 years, which have synchronised with 
Germany’s greatest industrial development, will be seen from the following 
Table :— 
Census year. 
Population. 
Intercensal Increase. 
Increase per cent, in 
intercensal periods 
of 5 years.* 
1867 
1871 
1875 
1880 
1885 
1890 
1895 
1900 
1905 
271,200 
302,082 
350,344 
412,314 
474,439 
573,198 
625,552 
705,738 
802,793 
30,882 
48,262 
61,970 
62,125 
98,759 
52,354 
80,186 
97,055 
1139' 
15 98' 
17*69 
15 07 
20*82 
9*13 
12*82 
13 75 
Intercensal period of 4 years prior to 1875. 
During the years 1871 to 1890 the growth of population was due more to 
additions from without than to natural increase (i.e., excess of births over 
deaths), and this was particularly the case between 1885 and 1890, when 73 
per cent, of the total increase of 103,910 within the State (98,759 falling to the 
town) was due to excess of immigration over migration outwards. Between 
1890 and 1900 the position was reversed ; of the increase of 79,146 inhabitants 
in Hamburg alone (ships in harbour not counted) during the five years 1895- 
1900, 47,961, or 61 per cent., was due to excess of births over deaths, and 
31,185, or 39 per cent., to excess of immigration. During the last inter 
censal period the former tendency asserted itself ; for of an increase in the town 
of 97,055 between 1900 and 1905, 38,289, or 39 per cent., fell to natural 
growth, and 58,766, or 61 per cent., to excess of immigration. In the rural 
portions of the State the increase of population was attributable to these two 
causes in almost equal measure. 
The population of the inner districts of Hamburg has on the whole 
decreased for some years, by reason of the clearance of old residential property 
to make room for public buildings, and of the increasing diversion of houses 
to commercial purposes. 
The population of Altona in 1905 was 168,320, against 161,501 in 1900, 
showing an increase of 6,819, or 4*2 per cent. The results of the last six 
censuses and the rates of increase are shown below :— 
Intercensal Increase. 
Increase per cent 
Population. 
Census year. 
108,873 
126,306 
143,249 
148,944 
161,501 
168,320 
1880 
1885 
1890 
1895 
1900 
1905 
17,433 
16,943 
5,695 
12,557 
6,819 
16*01 
13*41 
398 
8*4 
42