A MEASURE AND A CAUSE OF VALUE. 171 
occupied with investigating the measures and 
causes of value. It would seem, on a first 
view, that the ideas of measuring and causing 
value were sufficiently distinct to escape all 
danger of being confounded ; yet it is remark- 
able, that both the ideas themselves, and the 
terms by which they are expressed, have been 
mixed and interchanged and substituted, with 
an apparently total unconsciousness of any dif- 
ference existing between them. 
The author of the Templars’ Dialogues on 
Political Economy is the only writer who ap- 
pears to me to have been fully aware of this 
confusion of two separate and distinct ideas™. 
He traces it partly to an ambiguity in the word 
determine. “ The word determine,” says he, 
“ may be taken subjectively for what determines 
x in relation to our knowledge, or objectively, 
for what determines x in relation to itself. 
* This was written before I had seen the second edition 
of Mr. MilPs Elements, in which the distinction is for the 
first time introduced. His language on this point, never- 
theless, is not uniformly consistent, as will be shown in the 
next chapter.