k PART IT. 
The greatest measure of nomadic existence is found in the 
Northern Frontier District followed by the conditions in the Masai 
Reserve. It is generally found that the trekking of stock is the rule 
and only when you find livestock in connection with agriculture do you 
find the cattle on the same grazing all the year round. 
In the Kerio Province cattle are run in ‘the hills for the greater 
part of the year, being brought to the plains about the middle of the 
rainy season. There is much to be said for, the movement of cattle 
from grazing to grazing. In this way natives escape the onset of 
disease—they run from it. Change of pasture too is a good thing for 
livestock, as any deficiencies in the one pasture may be made up when 
the stock are on other pasture. The semi-annual trek to a famous salt 
lick is also of great value to cattle; during the move they traverse 
different grazing and at the same time their old pasture is given a rest 
which may help in its recovery. 
Under European control on large ranches the resting of portions 
of the ranch is systematised, and the provision of licks and earthy salts 
which are of value to stock is given attention. In his wilder way the 
native does what he is able, but he has not yet seriously attempted to 
increase the carrying capacity of his country by the construction of 
dams or the sinking of wells. Nor does he bring licks to his cattle; 
he prefers the cattle to move to the lick, running the risk of entering a 
stricken area, or of his cattle mixing at the lick with infected cattle 
trom elsewhere. 
In the Kikuyu area, generally, many natives have but few stock; 
they are mainly agriculturists and have evolved a system of planting 
mixed crops, including legumes. At the same time they have 
numbers of goats and some 6f them besides having cattle in their 
agricultural area, possess stock which is run on extensive grazing 
grounds elsewhere. In the Fort Hall area where the pressure of 
population is moderately high, the numbers of livestock are also very 
high due to the possession of sparsely populated and large grazing 
grounds, 
The population, in many areas, denuded the land of its timber, 
and fortunately any further eating into the forest is to a large extent 
prevented by numbers of wild pig. Gardens too near the forest are 
endangered by its presence. There is but little attempt on the part 
of the native to plant trees; he also permits bush to overgrow his old 
garden after it has been used for a few years and he prefers to plant 
on new forest soil. In other words, the native is found to be a 
wasteful but a great clearing agent. Where the population is heavy 
the percentage of cultivation to land occupied is moderately high, but 
where there is an abundance of new land to be gained by destroying 
wood land there appears to be a large abandonment of garden land 
and new planting is found in timbered country. This state of affairs 
exists, but increase in population and the enforcement of forest 
protection laws makes the native go back over the land he once 
worked. It is a great pity that pasturage is not always formed by this 
process. bush in the damper areas soon overshadows the grass 
In Kavirondo, as in Kikuyu, there are areas in which large 
stretches of country are under crop, but even there room is found for 
goats and cattle in the locations. = As livestock is a form of currency 
and a bank and is closely connected with native marriage and other 
customs, the possession of livestock is of oreat importance to a tribe 
79