THE PRE-WAR QUARTER CENTURY 1 
chart unemployment is inverted, that is to say, a decrease in un- 
employment is represented by a bar above the line; whereas an 
excess of arrivals is plotted above the line, an excess of departures, 
below. Hence, if an increase in unemployment is accompanied by 
an excess of departures, the two sets of bars will be found on the 
same side of the zero line, if by an excess of arrivals, on opposite 
sides. For example, in the three months ending in March, 1911, 
CHART 22 
NET ARRIVALS OF ALIEN MALES CoMPARED WITH CHANGES IN THE 
NuMBER UNEMPLOYED IN NON-AGRICULTURAL OCCUPATIONS: 
1911-1912 DEPRESSION 
FOR hig ly ba INCLUDING CUMULATIVE ThRousn Rs mp 
0 - ————— ee” — (000,000 
#902000 TI gi= Above Fig.B jo 
, decreu:. Zero 
number line= 
inemple ncrease 
20 in net 500,000 
ZTVGLS Arrivals less departures 
: decrease of alien males : 
- nelplovm 
Cv y 
Below 
zero 
/ine= 
: decrease S 
R-500,0001 Increase in net 500,000 2 
in number arrivals 
unemployed rare 
ba /n 41 ; 
-,000000] unem- ncrease in -/000000 
ployme umber unemployed 
500.000 TF RAFI AGO Wo A TF FARE FIFRA ASG] «.. . IHISTTTAf500000 
“1911 1912 ’ 1911 : isl 
sNumerical data in Table 27. 
the net immigration of alien males was about 60,000, but in the 
same period unemployment increased by about 1,100,000 and hence 
1s represented by a bar projecting below the zero line. 
In nine of the eleven three-month periods in which there is shown 
a decrease in‘the number unemployed, there was a net excess of 
arrivals over departures; in four of the seven periods in which un- 
employment increased, there was a net excess of departures over 
arrivals. To this extent the direction of the net movement in 
Immigration may be considered as responsive to changes in em- 
ployment conditions. But only in the period ending in J uly, 1912, 
are the numbers of net arrivals substantially equal to the net change 
XY?