INFLUENCE OF ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 163 
War. But, in the later decades of the pre-war period, the new im- 
migration is subject to the more violent fluctuations, increasing 
more in boom years and decreasing more in depression years than 
the old immigration. In addition to general differences in the degree 
of fluctuation, a few noticeable special differences in the direction 
TABLE 46.—CycLEs IN THE “OLD” AND THE “NEW” IMMIGRATION: 
1870-1914» 
Percentage deviations from seven-year moving averages 
YEAR ENDING ”» CNT pore ?? YEAR ENDING “ » EN cer?? 
Towe 30 Orp”’» NEw Toss 30 OLp NEw 
1878...... + 1.0 —14.5 1895. ... —12.5 —33.5 
1871...... —16.8 —23.8 1896... .. + 4.5 +22.7 
S738... ... +18.8 —15.0 | 1897.... —20.2 —26.4 
1873... ... +46.6 +31.7 RF N1808, . .. —26.9 —32.3 
1874... + 7.0 +33.0 1899. . .. —16.6 —19.9 
1873. ..... —19.4 +19.5 1 1900.... —11.6 0 
1S76...... —37.6 —15.3 1901... —14.6 —= 3.8 
IST. Jon —44.5 —]14.9 1992... —14.2 +40 
1878...... —54.6 —43.8 1003. ... 413.3 +11.8 
1879...... —53.5 —47.5 1904. ... -+10.1 —14.1 
1880...... + 4.3 —12.5 1905. . .. +27 .4 + 7.1 
ISSL...... +39.1 + 8.9 1906. . . . + 3.9 +20.0 
1882. ..... +52.8 +45.6 ; 1907.... + 9.9 +41.7 
1883. ..... +15.6 +10.8 1908... . —13.3 —24.5 
1884...... — 3.6 — 8.0 1900. .... —22.6 —23.5 
1885. ..... —24.9 —29.3 1910. . .. + 8.7 + 7.9 
1886..." —327.2 —21.3 18112. +14.5 —15.3 
1887. .3v. + 7.9 +21.4 1912.... — Je —19.3e 
1888. ..... +24.6 + 9.5 1913... + 9 +21.4 
1889, .... + 3.8 —35.1 1914... — 7.7 +24.0° 
1890. ..... — 9.9 — 8.6 
IsoL...... +10.3 +31.4 
1S92...... +19.5 +57.7 
1863... ... + 4.7 + 5.6 
1804... —24.1 —28.8 
sComputed from data in reports of the U. S. Immigration Commission, Statistical Review of Immigration, 
1820-1910, and in the reports of the Commissioner General of Immigration, U. S. Bureau of Immigration, 
for the years subsequent to 1910. 
bSee footnotes to Table 4 for countries included under “Old” and “New.” 
.,°In computing moving averages for these years, the average immigration in 1911 to 1914 was subs- 
tituted for the actual immigration in 1915, 1916, and 1917, respectively 
and extent of change appear in these two immigration series. Thus, 
in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1906, the “old” immigration 
declined while the “new” rose. In 1911 the “old” rose slightly, 
the “new” fell. In 1913, the “new” rose much more rapidly than 
the “old,” and continued to rise in 1914 while the “old” declined.