INFLUENCE OF ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 187
3 piplIOANE!
States, while such agreement is evidenced less requgniy“b} emigration
 to the “other countries.” This adds some evids Fy oou
not in itself sufficient to be conclusive, to indicate that t dengy
for emigration to the United States in these years en
conditions in the United States, rather than in the home country,
is not merely accidental but directly caused by the industrial conditions
 in the United States. For example, in 1896 economic
activity in the United Kingdom increased, but slumped in the
United States, and British emigration to the United States, but not
to other countries, declined. A similar situation existed in 1911.
Also, in 1909 conditions improved in the United States more rapidly
than in Great Britain, and British emigration to the United States
increased, though emigration to other countries declined.
IMMIGRATION FROM GERMANY
Immigration from Germany to the United States has experienced
two great booms, one following the revolutionary disturbances in
1848 and culminating in 1854, when the recorded number of immigrants
 from Germany was 215,009; and a second wave culminating
 in 1882, with a total of 250,630, representing almost 32 per cent
of the total immigration into the United States in that year. Subsequent
 to 1882 the general trend of immigration from Germany has
been downward; though from 1900 to 1904 there was an increase,
and thereafter up to the beginning of the war period the annual
movement decreased only slightly. (See Chart 32).
Proportion of Total Immigration (Chart 34).
In the seventies and eighties, immigration from Germany constituted,
 in most years, from twenty to thirty per cent or more of
the total immigration to the United States; but in each year from
1900 to 1914, with the exception of 1904, it represented less than
five per cent. This ratio to the total immigration declined during
the depression of the seventies, rose sharply in 1881 and remained
at this new high level for five years, then began a long decline,
broken only by temporary recovery movements, notably in 1903
and 1904, 1908, and 1911.
Business Cycles in Germany and the United States.
Particularly in the first two decades after 1870, the fluctuations
in economic conditions in the United States and Germany, as in-