PART TI. 
Mr. MILLIGAN thought it just possible that although questions 
such as the circulation of money, ete,, were ol very great importance 
to more advanced countries, they micht be stressed too far in backward 
territories such as Fast Africa.” He agreed with Mr. Simpson that 
the first thing to do was to make the country as self-supporting as 
possible: It was also probably very important to render communities 
as far as possible self-supporting in those places where transport was 
difficult. There was also the question raised, i.e., of the very great 
importance of alternating, and, as a representative of an export 
commodity, he could say that the importance of questions of tha 
nature was fully realised. If it was considered advisable, he thought 
the Conference might usefully draw attention to the dangers of over 
development of export crops in districts where communications were 
bad and also to the general question of the uneconomic principle 
involved in a territory growing a crop for export and paying a very high 
charge for the importing of a food crop which it might very well grow 
itseif. He did not know, however, if any advantage would be gained 
in emphasising these points. 
Mr. SIMPSON hoped that Mr. Milligan would not press the 
point. He had tried to make the point that people in East African 
Territories had to be properly fed. Where they had a crop like cotton, 
the larger the acreage under cotton the greater the food supply, and, 
in Uganda they had communal food granaries which were filled with 
food every year, at the harvest time. In some parts of Uganda they 
were liable to drought every seven or eight years and one-third of fresh 
food every year was put into the granaries, so that whatever happened 
the people had sufficient food. He thought it would be a great 
mistake to make any resolution, because one of the primary duties of 
an Agricultural Department was to produce food for the people of its 
own country. 
Mr. WORTLEY was sorry if anything that he had said should 
have misled Mr. Milligan. He thought the point raised by Mr. 
Kirby was bound to become more and more prominent as time went 
on, but for the present it was desirable for Governments to induce 
natives to produce their own food rather than to depend on purchasing 
it with money acquired by the sale of export crops. 
Mr. KIRBY welcomed Mr. Milligan’s remarks, because there 
seemed to be an idea among certain people at home who were 
interested in the production of cotton that the one aim of Agricultural 
Departments in East Africa should be to produce cotton, and that the 
value of a department depended upon its ability to make natives grow 
cotton. He was sure that they could depend on those present who 
were principally concerned with technical cotton work to Impress on 
people at home that food production was paramount. and that cotton 
growing came (possibly) next. 
Mr. KIRKHAM stated, as representing Zanzibar, that 509, of the 
total area of the Island was under cultivation and that the rest was 
very large coral rock. Their crop was a great export crop and they 
imported their food. Their transport difficulty was not great and food 
was landed at their door-step. He said that each Director of 
Agriculture knew the requirements of his own territory and could 
advise his Government upon the development of the country 
accordingly. 
KK