? NEW CONSTRUCTIVE POLICY 83 
which was only 20 per cent. dead weight and 80 per cent. 
earnings, you can see that science and invention and research 
have made progress in the railroad industry as in all other 
industry. 
When you measure the progress of these railroads by those 
tests which we normally apply to test the efficiency of indus- 
try, you find in the transportation service in 1913, 166,000 
ton miles moved per employee; in 1922, 243,000 ton miles 
moved per employee; in 1913, 19,000 passenger miles per 
employee, and in 1922, 21,600. 
It is manifest that the standard of living can only be 
advanced and maintained by the creation of more and more 
articles for division among American Homes. 
[t is manifest that this increasing volume must press into 
more and more homes, facilitated by the economies of costs 
which mass production itself secures, and aided in its distri- 
bution by more widely distributed buying power, which 
enlarged competition for workers itself assures. 
It is, however, necessary and proper that, with this dem- 
onstration of vast increase in material wealth, we should 
make sure that such wealth is fairly and equitably distributed, 
not by law and edict, with all the inequalities and injustices 
which follow such application of human judgment in author- 
ity, but that it be fairly and equitably distributed by the social 
system and the natural processes of trade in which individual 
superiority obtains its reward by the attraction of superior 
service. 
REVOLUTIONARY CHANGES IN ATTITUDE OF FINANCIERS, 
INDUSTRIALISTS, AND LABOR LEADERS - 
These significant statements as to fundamental changes 
necessary in theory and practise in considering the reha- 
bilitation of industry and the compensation and living 
standards of industrial workers, were accepted by other 
representative leaders of industry and of public opinion, 
and soon met with widespread sanction and action, includ-