SEMAINE D'ÉTUDE SUR LE ROLE DE L’ANALYSE ECONOMETRIOUE ETC. 
ill 
engineers and technical personnel is essential for economic 
development. It is necessary to establish and broaden the base 
of primary and secondary education and to establish technical 
and scientific institutions and increase their number rapidly. 
The most serious difficulty is the lack of trained and ex 
perienced teachers at all levels. To build up a sound founda- 
‘ion for the outturn of technical personnel would take a great 
deal of time; it is a much more slowly maturing process than 
establishing heavy machine building, steel, heavy electrical or 
heavy chemical industries. Perspective planning is indispens- 
able, and it is necessary to have targets twenty years or more 
in advance. 
Scientific and technical manpower: From about 1955 a 
great deal of attention is being given in India to the question 
of technical manpower. The method used for estimating the 
requirements of technical personnel is simple and straightfor- 
ward. Information relating to manufacturing industries for the 
reference period 1956 was collected as a part of the National 
Sample Surveys and was analysed in detail to ascertain the 
number of professional and technical workers (including engi- 
neers and scientists) employed in manufacturing industries. 
Estimates for a number of selected industries are given in 
Table 3 in the form of percentages of total employment (that is, 
number of engaged persons) in different industries. Separate 
figures are given in col. (2) for the proportion of professional, 
technical and associated workers taken together, in col. (3) for 
the proportion of engineers, architects and surveyors, and in 
col. (4) for the proportion of scientists including chemists, phy- 
sicists, geologists and other physical scientists. 
There are wide variations in requirements of professional 
and technical personnel or of engineers or scientists from one 
industry to another. In chemicals, and aircraft assembling 
and repair, the proportion of professional and technical staff 
is about 10 per cent. The chemical industries, naturally, re- 
quire 5 per cent of scientists (no doubt, mostly chemists) anc 
v5] Mahalanobis II - pag. 15