182 RELATION OF ORIGINS AND NATIVITY TO CRIME
where the number in reformatories is greater than six, the rate for those born outside Canada
is higher than for the Canadian born of the same origin. Among the Indians there was only
one foreign born child in a reformatory and the higher rate for the foreign born in that
case was purely accidental. There are only three other exceptions, namely, the Danes and
Syrians, with a total in reformatories of three each, and the Swedes with a total of six. On
the other hand, where the numbers are sufficiently large to be representative, the difference
is well defined. Indeed for many stocks, the proportions for the foreign born children in
reformatories are several times sas great as for the Canadian born of the same stock, and
in all cases except the four mentioned above, there are very significant differences.
Two conclusions follow directly from the above. First, other things being equal, our,
greatest problem is with the delinquent child born outside Canada; and secondly, that the
schools and other Canadianizing agencies are exerting a great influence in reducing child
delinquency.
Further light is also thrown by these tables on the rates for Anglo-Saxon children of
Canadian and immigrant birth. The figures for the English, Scotch and Irish in Table 113
indicate that the children of the English speaking stocks born outside Canada, have much
higher percentages in reformatonies than those of the English speaking stocks born in this
country. The immigrant children of British stock show larger proportions in reformatories
than the Canadian born children of British stock. From the discussion of parentage above,
it appears that in recent years the improvement in the rate for the British stock has
occurred in the third and subsequent generations of residence in Canada. That was probably
 the result of the abnormal situation in the years immediately preceding 1921.
But the analysis may be pushed still further. We saw that among the Canadian born
children of foreign born parents only 74 per 100,000 were in reformatories. The question
arises as to the rate for the foreign stocks in the third and subsequent generations. The
number of Canadian born children in reformatories of specified non-British and non-French
origin, as shown in the central section of Table 118, totalled 125. The total Canadian born
population of these origins between ten and twenty years of age was 204,459, and the rate
per 100,000 works out to 62.
Since the rate for the Canadian born children of foreign born parents was 74 and that
for all Canadian born children of the same origing was only 62, it is obvious that the proportion
 in reformatories among the Canadian born children of Canadian born parents of
foreign stock was even lower than the rate of the total Canadian born of foreign stocks,
viz, lower than 62 per 100,000. Thus, while the rate for the foreign born children of
foreign stocks was over 200 and that for the Canadian born children of foreign born parents
was 74, we now find that the proportion for the Canadian born children of Canadian born
parents of foreign origin must have been the lowest of all. It would appear, then, that the
number of juvenile offenders in the third and subsequent generations of non-British and
non-French stocks in Canada was very small indeed.
However, there is danger in too hasty generalization. In the first place, there are considerably
 larger numbers among the Canadian born reformatory population, whose origin
is unspecified, than the total number in reformatories of Canadian born children of foreign
stocks whose origin is recorded. How many of the unspecified are of the British and French
stocks and how many are of foreign stocks cannot be determined. If half of them were
of foreign stocks, the rate of 62 per 100,000 would be increased to 100 per 100,000. Even
that, however, is not high. Indeed it is only two-thirds the pumber per 100000 for the
Canadian born and for the English stock.
But another question arises, is the low rate for the Canadian born of foreign stocks
due mainly to Canadianizing influences or is it primarily a matter of origin? How far, in
other words, is the rate reduced by the figures for the older residents like the Dutch, Germans
and Indians, whose numbers are very large in Canada and whose children show abnormally
small proportions in the reformatories irrespective of birthplace? The influence must be
considerable, because these ‘three stocks comprised nearly half the total children of
non-British and non-French stocks between the ages of 10 and 20 years in Canada in 1921.
High rates among the Canadian born of certain other origins, who are ag vet relatively