184 RELATION OF ORIGINS AND NATIVITY TO CRIME
children must have been exceedingly well behaved, have been disciplined within their own
community, or have given some other origin—or none at all—to the reformatory officials,
Taking the three other Slavic groups, the rate for the Poles is almost ag great as that for
the Italians and Greeks. The Russians also show an abnormally high proportion, but the
figure for the Austrians is lower than that for the English or Welsh. For some reason
or other an unusually low proportion of Austrian children of Canadian birth appears in
the reformatory records, and it is this low figure for the Canadian born Austrian which
explains the low rate for the Austrians as a whole. The rate for the foreign-born of Austrian
origin is 430—one of the highest.
The rate for the French in Canada is much lower than that for the English or Welsh
people, and about as large as that for the Irish and the Scotch. Tt is interesting to note
in passing that, among the Scandinavians, the Icelanders and Norwegians show the smallest
proportion and the Danes and the Swedes the largest.
The principal problem, however, is to determine how far such differences are due to
origin and how far to birthplace. The term “origin” so used is not restricted to its
biological connotation, but, as explained earlier in this report; is intended to embrace thoss
cultural and other differences which combine with the biological to determine the common
characteristics of a group.
Referring again to Table 113, an examination of the origins for the different nativity
groups will show that in most stocks where high rates obtain for the foreign born children,
large proportions are found in reformatories among the Canadian born as well. For purposes
of illustration, one may select a few foreign stocks where the numbers in reformatories
are so large as to be fairly representative

Stocks

Negro.....- _— 3 0% Gdn TT
Polish.............. SHES 3 Pomme wisn ini ee ear
palin. os
Bosman LL
FETIAAN. .vevesssnnnss,,.. «ie SAE 8 SPR Ka Bormann wu venice
All stocks............. Bok moncmommnsass te Snips

Canadian-borr
children in
reformatories

Rate per
100.000

03
262
"re

7
13

Forej gn-born
children in
reformatories

Rate per
100.000

864
427
530
508
94
214

Very marked differences are seen to exist between individual stocks quite independent
of nativity, but before venturing any generalization, the following data for groups of stocks
should be inserted.

Stocks

—————

North Western European. ..................... eee,
South, Eastern and Central European. . .... J
Jeandinavian........... ol
Jermanic............. ee
Latin and Greek... we - 2 rnp R En CEES SEN en rn
Slavic... ree et ok o

Canadian-born
children in
reformatories

Late per
100.000

27
102
35
25
204
ce

Foreign-born
children in
reformatories

Rate per
100.000

63
297
31
97
508
26R

For all groups except the Scandinavians, the numbers on which the above rates are
based were reasonably adequate to ensure their reliability. It is pointed out, in the first
place, that the rate for the foreign born children in the South, Eastern and Central
European stocks was 4} times greater than that for the foreign born children of the North
Western European stocks. and the rate for the Canadian born children of South, Eastern
and Central European origin was nearly 4 times greater than that for the Canadian born
of the North Western European origin. These comparisons are not vitiated by nativity.
Such differences are primarily due to origins and are further illustrated by the data for
the linguistic groups. The rates for the Latin and Greek group are in a class by themselves.
 They are several times greater than the corresponding rates for either the Scandinavian
 or Germanic groups and about twice as great as those for the Slavs. While the