FREE PORT OF EMDEN 177

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Owing to the fact that the import of grain has increased, one shed
of the Aussenhafen has been specially prepared for the storage of grain.
One traveling grain elevator as well as two floating grain elevators are
Available for this purpose, and steamers are discharged within a
short time.
Reconsignment and transshipment trade—~—No reconsignment and
‘ransshipment trade is done in the free zone of the port of Emden,
8 the larger ports of Bremen and Hamburg do this business for Ger-Many.
 The freight arriving at Emden is practically all shipped up
‘he river or by canal to the interior of Germany.
. Manufacturing in the free zone.—In the free zone no manufacturing
's done. Various industries have plants outside the free zone, how-&ver,
 in the harbor territory or on the docks within the customs limits
of Germany. In the harbor district ample space is still available for
Industry, The main local industries are shipyards, fishing industries,
umber trade, and smelting and refining trade.
Shipbuilding and ship repair in free zone.—No repair shops and
floating docks are within the free zone.
Influence of the free port on the development of foreign trade.—Although
the Emden free port was only established in 1901, the importance of
Emden in foreign trade, mainly as a port for the transit service of
bulk cargoes to the Rheinish-Westphalian district, may be said to be
dug ip 5 very large degree to the free port and its connection with the
Dortmund-Ems Canal. The principal trade of the free ports consists
of bulk cargoes of ore, iron, steel, and coal, and also some finished iron
nd steel products, which are either destined for the Rheinish-West~
Phalian district or are shipped from that district to foreign countries.
In the case of coal, a great part is used as bunker coal at Emden, as
Emden is an important bunkering station, and coal sold here is about
10 Per cent cheaper than elsewhere, owing te the low canal freight
Tom the Rheinish-Westphalian district to Emden.
Statistics attached hereto show the sea-borne traffic of the port of
Emden, giving the number of vessels and their total net registered
tonnage for each year from 1890 up to the present (with the exception
of the years 1914-1922). These figures, although they do not indicate
the amounts of cargo carried, show a very large increase in the traffic
f Emden after the establishment of the free port in 1901. The aver-%%e
 annual net registered tonnage arriving at the port of Emden
during the 10 years 1900-1909 was eight and one-half times as much
8 the average annual tonnage during the previous 10-year period
1890-1899.
» Tiluence of free port on the development of the merchant marine.—The
lence of the free port at Emden on the development of its merchant
Maring is not so marked as in the case of Bremen, due to the general
“dency in the twentieth century toward the centralization of large