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planned will permit through freight service from the districts surround- 
ing Bologna and Modena to Leghorn, greatly increasing the territory 
served by the port. (See attached map showing present railways, 
those under construction, and those projected.) 
Outline of the history of the port of Leghorn.—Although there are 
evidences that Leghorn was used as a port during the period of the 
Roman Empire, the actual history of the port begins with its estab- 
lishment by the Pisans at the beginning of the fourteenth century. 
In 1571 elaborate harbor works were commenced, these works being 
completed in 1618. During the next hundred years Leghorn flour- 
ished as a free city and became a haven for the oppressed peoples of 
dsther countries. 
The present harbor includes portions of construction mentioned 
above, further improvements being made in 1858 and 1866. New 
moles were built during the period from 1870 to 1878 and enlarged 
docking facilities were built in 1905 and 1909. Until the present 
Project was commenced, no harbor improvements of importance have 
been made since 1909 with the exception of the construction of new 
warehouses. 
THE FREE PORT OF NAPLES, ITALY 
[From Sydney B. Redecker, American consul, Naples, Italy] 
Leading port of southern Italy.—Naples is the most important port 
of southern Italy and of all Italian ports is only exceeded in general 
maritime traffic by Genoa and Trieste, the two latter serving the 
densely populated and highly industralized sections of northern Ttaly. 
The following table shows the traffic of the port of Naples during the 
Vear 1927: 
17, 183 
18, 154, 053 
1,975, 134 
383, 810 
583, 744 
592, 276 
Free port at present confined to bonded warehouses. —At present the 
So-called ‘‘free-port’ facilities of Naples are confined to merely a 
free space or zone covering about 2,000 square meters, called the 
“Punto Franco.” However, this is a free zone only in the sense that 
Ww this section are situated the bonded or government-controlled 
Warehouses, or ‘“‘magazini generali,” for the storing of foreign mer- 
thandise without the payment of the import duty. Merchandise to 
de stored in the magazini generali must be accompanied by a special 
Permit issued by the customhouse and the transfer of goods into and 
but of the warehouses is supervised by customs agents. 
Number of vessels calling_ 
Tonnage of vessels calling (gross) _ _. 
Cargo loaded (metric tons) _. 
Cargo unloaded (metric tons)_________._ 
Passengers embarked. ___ 
Passengers disembarked _ .