20 FOREIGN TRADE ZONES 
the shipment is not a bona fide exportation or when the department 
specifically directs that a landing certificate be produced. 
Except as otherwise provided for by law, merchandise in bulk and 
articles bought and sold by weight, gauge of measure must be with- 
drawn for export or transportation only at the actual quantities 
ascertained at the time of arrival in the United States. Merchandise 
transferred from pier to customs warehouse must be transported in 
bond at the expense of the parties in interest, by bonded vehicles or 
lighters. In authorizing the bonded manufacturing warehouses and 
the bonded warehouses for cleaning, sorting, repacking, and other 
changes in condition, exclusive of manufacturing, Congress has 
recognized the need for greater convenience and privileges than are 
permitted in the ordinary customs warehouses. The following shows 
briefly the principal requirements in connection with the use of these 
special classes of warehouses. 
Manufacturing warehouses.—Except for the manufacture of cigars, 
a bonded manufacturing warehouse consists of an entire building 
which is in no case adjacent to a building in which a similar business 
is conducted. Such warehouses are permitted to be used exclusively 
for the purpose for which they are bonded. Before commencing 
business, the proprietor of any manufacturing warehouse must file 
bond, which must be approved by the Secretary of the Treasury, 
and he must file with the department and with the Comptroller of 
Customs a list of all articles intended to be manufactured in such 
warehouse, giving the specific names under which the articles are to 
be exported and under which they are to be known to the trade. 
He must state the names of all the ingredients which are to be used 
in the manufacture of such articles, with the quantities of such 
ingredients as may be dutiable or taxable. Proprietors of such ware- 
houses are required to conform strictly to the formulas filed with the 
bond, and in no instance are permitted to manufacture in or with- 
draw from the warehouse articles which do not contain all of the 
ingredients and in the quantities specified in the formulas. 
Materials and articles imported for use in a bonded manufac- 
turing warehouse may be entered for transfer direct from the import- 
ing vessel to the bonded manufacturing warehouse without appraise- 
ment or payment of duty. Except cigars manufactured in bond, 
and supplies for vessels of the United States or vessels of war of any 
nation in ports of the United States which may reciprocate such 
privileges toward vessels of war of the United States in its ports, no 
articles or materials received into a bonded manufacturing ware- 
house may be withdrawn or removed therefrom except for direct 
shipment and exportation or for transportation and immediate 
exportation in bond to foreign countries or to the Philippine Islands, 
under the supervision of a customs officer. Cigar manufacturing