APPENDIX A 
215 
that was done was to fix an arbitrary Valuation, and allow the 
Chief to retain his actual position, but in point of form as an 
assignee instead of an independent ruler. 
The contrast between the Valuation, or estimated Income, 
and the Hasil, or Income actually realised, is brought out in 
a passage in the same chronicle (II. 397), which records the 
grant as reward (inim) of the port of Surat, the Valuation of 
which was one kror of dams, or 24 lakhs of rupees, but the 
[ncome (hisil) had risen to 5 lakhs owing to the increase in 
foreign trade. Similarly we read (II. 108) that the Income of 
Bagliana had fallen to one-half of the Valuation after the famine 
of 1630; and numerous passages in this chronicle and in those 
which follow it give the Valuation of districts or provinces as 
an indication of their wealth or importance. 
As is explained in Chapter V, Assignments had become un- 
popular early in the eighteenth century, and, in the troubles of 
the time, the idea of a Valuation seems to have become un- 
familiar. The changes introduced early in the British period, 
under which the Demand was assessed for a term of years, 
resulted in a coalescence of the two ideas denoted by jama, 
because a Demand intended to be paid for a term of years is 
substantially the same thing as an estimate of the Income 
derivable during those years. Thus in’ modern times, the 
“revenue” is both Demand and Valuation, because the two 
figures have coalesced; but the idea of Valuation still persists 
in the “nominal revenue,” which is assessed for administrative 
purposes on revenue-free villages. This nominal revenue is not 
meant to be paid, and consequently is not Demand; it is in fact 
a Valuation calculated on the income of the landholders, on 
the basis of which various cesses are assessed