APPENDIX B 
223 
chronicles, but in dealing with his own times the writer con- 
sistently uses the term Amir. This term had already been used 
by Ibn Batiita a century earlier; he speaks of Indian Governors 
sometimes as Wali, sometimes as Amir, but never, so far as 1 
can find, as Muqti; and possibly Amir was already coming into 
popular use in his time. Nizimuddin Ahmad, writing under 
Akbar, usually substituted Hakim, as is apparent from a com- 
parison of his language with that of Barni, whom he summarised ; 
Yirishta occasionally reproduced the word Mugqti, but more 
commonly used Hakim, Sipahsdlir, or some other modern 
equivalent; and Mugqti was clearly an archaism in the time of 
Akbar.