264 THE AGRARIAN SYSTEM OF MOSLEM INDIA 
for certain peculiarities in their presentation, such as the in- 
clusion of miscellaneous revenue as a “subdivision,” the entire 
absence of any reference to Grants, and the omission of any 
detail of the local forces by subdivisions. I find it impossible 
to suggest an alternative hypothesis which would account for 
all these features, but they fall naturally into line on the view 
that the record, as we have it, was based on records kept by the 
previous Government, and consequently reproduced peculiarities 
in which the local practice had differed from that of the older 
Mogul provinces. Taking it as a preliminary Valuation of this 
kind, we may infer that it was found to be unsatisfactory, for 
one of Jahangir’s earliest recorded actions (Tidzuk, g) was to 
appoint a Diwan to revise the Valuation; there is, however, no 
record of the result, and from the later history discussed in 
Chapter VII it appears as if the figures given in the Ain remained 
substantially unaltered till the middle of the seventeenth 
century. 
As regards Khandesh, which in the Ain is called Dandes, we 
find (i. 474) the “aggregate” given in Berar tankas (of 24 dams), 
and we are told that Akbar increased the original figures by 
50 per cent. at the time when the fortress of Asir was taken, 
this event marking the definitive conquest of the country. We 
thus have the old and the new aggregate, and the action taken 
here was clearly what I have suggested was taken in Bengal, in 
that existing figures were adopted as a basis. It is hard to 
believe that Akbar should have signalised his conquest by 
summarily raising the Demand on the peasants by so large a 
proportion, a course which would necessarily increase the diffi- 
culties of establishing his rule; but, if “aggregate” here means 
Valuation, what happened was that Akbar, having reason to 
believe that the old Valuation understated the facts, ordered 
such an increase that the new Valuation should correspond more 
closely with the Income which his assignees could hope to realise. 
Here, as’ in Bengal, there is no record of Grants, while the local 
forces are not enumerated, though. their existence is mentioned. 
In Berar, the “original aggregate” of 3} krors of the local 
tankas had been raised (i. 478) by the “Deccanis,” that is to 
say, the previous rulers, and a further increase was made after 
the Mogul conquest. Here we have another instance of figures 
being taken over from the previous régime, and enhanced by 
the new government, and again there is the improbability of an 
enhancement of Demand at conquest: while. on the other hand.