APPENDIX H
277
Ryot (Anglicised form of Ra‘iyat). A herd, the peasantry as a
body. The use to denote an individual peasant has not
been found in the chronicles: the use to denote a particular
form of tenure. (ryotwiri) belongs wholly to the British
period.
SADR (Sadr). In the Mogul period, the designation of a high
officer whose duties included the supervision of Grants.
'Vide Blochmann'’s note on the Sadrs of Akbar’s reign, in his
translation of the Ain, i. 270 ff.)
SALAMI. A present offered to an official on approaching him.
SARKAR. In the chronicles usually means a treasury, whether
belonging to the king or to a noble. Under Sher Shih,
denoted an administrative district, i.e. an aggregate of
parganas: under Akbar, a revenue-district. The modern
meaning “Government” does not appear clearly in the
chronicles.
SER. A unit of weight, one-fortieth of a maund, and, like the
maund, varying with time and with locality.
SHIQQ (Shiqq). Division. Apparently at first a military term;
an expeditionary force (lashkar) was divided into main
groups (fauj), and these again into smaller groups (shiqq).
In 14c., an administrative area, either a province, or a
division of a province (vide Ch. II, sec. 1). In 15c., a province.
Not used in later times in this sense.
SHIQQDAR (Shiqqdar). At first, a military rank (vide shiqq);
later a revenue subordinate. Under Sher Shih, one of the
officers on the staff of a pargana, also a revenue-collector
employed by an Assignee. The term survived into 18c.
to denote a subordinate revenue-official. usually an Assignee’s
servant.
SUBA (Siiba). In the Mogul period, a province of the Empire.
SUYURGHAL (Suyiirghal). In the Mogul period, allowances
granted by the Emperor, whether paid in cash, or bv Grants
of land.
TAFRIQ. The distribution of the Demand, determined by Groupassessment,
over the individuals composing the group.
Tarug (Ta‘allug). Dependency. Came into. use at end of
17¢. (vide Ch. V, sec. 5), to denote possession of land, whatever
the title. Has been specialised in the British period to
denote particular titles, which differ in different provinces,
Taluadar denotes the holder of a taluqg.
