108 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND WAGES 
to have his due share of the comforts, joys and recreations 
of life. 
JOSEPH HUSSLEIN, S. J.I 
Every toiler has the right to a living wage, a right which 
takes precedence over every other consideration, excepting 
only the right which the employer himself has to a remunera- 
tion which will enable him and his family to live in reason- 
able and moderate comfort according to their position in life: 
It is important moreover for both employer and employee 
that the continuance and welfare of the industry itself be 
wisely consulted. Beyond this there can be no question of 
any profits until the living wage has been paid to the em- 
nloyees. . . . 
What then is a living wage? In general it is defined by 
Pope Leo XIII as a remuneration “sufficient to support the 
wage-earner in reasonable and frugal comfort.” For the 
adult male worker, according to the spirit of the Encyclical, 
it is a wage “sufficient to enable him to maintain himself, his 
wife and his children in reasonable comfort.” For the adult 
woman worker it is a wage whereby she can reasonably and 
decently support herself away from home. 
CHARLES EDWARD RUSSELL, ECONOMIST AND AUTHOR? 
In determining what is an equitable wage, there should be 
taken into consideration the profits of the industry concerned, 
the requirements (scientifically ascertained) for normal and 
wholesome life, with a reasonable margin to be added for 
comfort, culture and recreation. 
ROBERT. G. VALENTINE, FORMER COMMISSIONER OF 
INDIAN AFFAIRS? 
How, then, to settle the amount due the president, the office 
boy, and the truck hand? Clearly the first duty will be to 
1 “The World Problem,” P. J. Kenedy and Sons, 1918, p. 91. . 
2 Resolution by Mr. Charles Edward Russell, President’s First National 
Industrial Conference, October 14, 1919, p. 288. 
8 “Work and Pay: A Suggestion for Representative Government in Indus. 
try,” reprinted from the Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. XXXI, Feb- 
ruary, 1917, p. 253.