146 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND WAGES

final report also sanctioned the living-wage principle, as
follows :*

XII—The full cooperation of labor is essential to the highest
 prosperity and usefulness of the industry. The employees
engaged in this occupation should have a living wage and
humane hours of labor and working conditions.
In January, 1920, in a decision establishing wages and
working conditions of bituminous coal-mine workers
throughout the country, the United States Bituminous Coal
Commission stated that it had fully accepted the livingwage
 principle as the basis of its wage changes.?
We have decided [the Commission said], to award as a
substitute for the 14 per cent. increase authorized by Dr.
Garfield, a wage increase that is considerably higher. In
arriving at the present wage award we were guided by the
principle that every industry must support its workers according
 to the American standard of living.
The legislature of the State of Kansas, in establishing a
Court of Industrial Relations in 1920, gave its sanction to
the living-wage principle, in Section 9 of the law, as
follows :2

Section 9. It is hereby declared necessary for the promotion
 of the general welfare that workers engaged in any of
said industries, employments, utilities or common carriers
shall receive at all times a fair wage and have healthful and
moral surroundings while engaged in such labor.
After its creation, the Kansas Court of Industrial Relations
 gave an extended interpretation and sanction to this
section of the law, in a decision of March 29, 1920 :*
1 Report of the Federal Electric Railways Commission, Washington, Government
 Printing Office, 1920, p. 4.
2 United States Bituminous Coal Comm’n., Award and Recommendations,
Washington, Government Printing Office, 1920, p. 36.
8 Industrial Court Law, State of Kansas—Act Creating a Court of Industrial
 Relations, January, 1920, Section 9.
4 Kansas Court of Industrial Relations, State of Kansas vs. The Topeka
Edison Company—Opinion and Order—~—March 29, 1920.