174 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND WAGES

employers and employees, and with least chance of passing on
the wage advance to the public by increasing the prices of
commodities.

JUSTICE LOUIS D. BRANDEIS!

The greater productivity of labor must be not only attainable,
 but attainable under conditions consistent with the conservation
 of health, the enjoyment of work, and the development
 of the individual. The facts in this regard have not
been adequately established. In the task of ascertaining
whether proposed conditions of work do conform to these requirements,
 the laborer should take part. He is indeed a necessary
 witness. Likewise in the task of determining whether
in the distribution of the gain in productivity, justice is being
done to the worker, the participation of representatives of
labor is indispensable for the inquiry which involves essentially
 the exercise of judgment.
WILLIAM HESKETH LEVER, LORD LEVERHULME,
BRITISH MANUFACTURER?:
Therefore, we can learn another lesson from this, that the
payment of high wages, provided we can produce articles
that will be within the reach of the consumer, is one of the
foundation stones of prosperity, in any community of men
and women.

WILLIAM H. JOHNSTON, PRESIDENT, INTERNATIONAL
ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS3

Principle (2), according to our unions, constructive functions
 as well as protective ones in the operation of industry,
means the enlargement of the scope of collective bargaining,
extending its jurisdiction as it were. Where we now enjoy
recognition and have agreements with management, our task
is simply to negotiate wage rates, working rules, and prevent
“1 Industrial Management, February, 1918, in an article entitled “Efficiency
by Consent,” p. 108. ’
2 From a lecture delivered before the Industrial Reconstruction Council,
May 19, 1919.
8 Report of President William H. Johnston to 17th Convention of the Internstions]
 Lorosistion of Machinists, Machinists’ Monthly Journal, October,
924, p. -71.