174 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND WAGES 
employers and employees, and with least chance of passing on 
the wage advance to the public by increasing the prices of 
commodities. 
JUSTICE LOUIS D. BRANDEIS! 
The greater productivity of labor must be not only attain- 
able, but attainable under conditions consistent with the con- 
servation of health, the enjoyment of work, and the develop- 
ment of the individual. The facts in this regard have not 
been adequately established. In the task of ascertaining 
whether proposed conditions of work do conform to these re- 
quirements, the laborer should take part. He is indeed a nec- 
essary witness. Likewise in the task of determining whether 
in the distribution of the gain in productivity, justice is being 
done to the worker, the participation of representatives of 
labor is indispensable for the inquiry which involves essen- 
tially the exercise of judgment. 
WILLIAM HESKETH LEVER, LORD LEVERHULME, 
BRITISH MANUFACTURER?: 
Therefore, we can learn another lesson from this, that the 
payment of high wages, provided we can produce articles 
that will be within the reach of the consumer, is one of the 
foundation stones of prosperity, in any community of men 
and women. 
WILLIAM H. JOHNSTON, PRESIDENT, INTERNATIONAL 
ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS3 
Principle (2), according to our unions, constructive func- 
tions as well as protective ones in the operation of industry, 
means the enlargement of the scope of collective bargaining, 
extending its jurisdiction as it were. Where we now enjoy 
recognition and have agreements with management, our task 
is simply to negotiate wage rates, working rules, and prevent 
“1 Industrial Management, February, 1918, in an article entitled “Efficiency 
by Consent,” p. 108. ’ 
2 From a lecture delivered before the Industrial Reconstruction Council, 
May 19, 1919. 
8 Report of President William H. Johnston to 17th Convention of the Inter- 
nstions] Lorosistion of Machinists, Machinists’ Monthly Journal, October, 
924, p. -71.