1120 PONTIFICIAE ACADEMIAE SCIENTIARVM SCRIPTA VARIA - 2&

1960-61. Also, the target is about 25,000 new admissions in
1965-66, and 70,000 in 1975-76.

Outturn of engineers: The Appendix Table A-4 gives the
outturn of scientists and engineers in India from 1915 to 1960.
It would be seen from Table A-4, line 8 and col. (4), that
the number of degree level engineers turned out between
1915 and 1947 was 14,984 in 33 years before independence.
This was practically matched by a turnout of 14,385 in five
vears during the period of the First Plan (1951-56). The outturn
 increased much further to 24,166 during the five-vear
period of the Second Plan.
The outturn for individual years between 1951 and 1960
also shows a very rapid increase. The outturn of degree level
engineers was 1,700 in 1951 which was nearly doubled in
three or four years. Perspective planning of technical personnel
 was seriously started from 1955; the effect became visible
after four years in 1959 when the outturn rose to 6,770 against
3,689 in the previous year, that is, an increase of more than
three thousand in one vear.
Scientific Research: Although the intake and outturn of
scientists also has been increasing fairly rapidly, I am sorry
to say that perspective planning of scientific research has not
yet started seriously. The emergence into the modern age of
any underdeveloped country would be possible only with the
building of the base of science education and scientific research.
Certain compelling reasons can be appreciated very easily.
Natural resources are not identical everywhere; there are wide
variations from one country to another. Resources available
within any country can be used most effectively only through
continuing applied scientific and technological research in
which use is made of basic scientific knowledge to solve practical
 problems. It is also necessary to provide facilities for
fundamental research not only for the accumulation of scientific
 knowledge but also to supply scientists who would ‘be
able to diagnose problems properly and identify how such

15] Mahalanobis II - pag. 18