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3. A more complete formulation of the effective demand con- 
dition 
It may be useful to take a further step, at this point, to 
complete formulation (III.g). So far, population has been re- 
ferred to in general terms, both with respect to demand of com- 
modities and with respect to supply of labour. This means 
assuming implicitly that population and labour force are the 
same thing. But in practice, this is not so. All people do con- 
tribute to the demand of commodities, but only a fraction of 
them (representing the active population) actually take part 
in the process of production. Moreover, a further complication 
arises in connection with the fact that our coefficients have a 
‘ime dimension. The point may be made clearer by supposing 
a finite period, for example a year, as the unit of time. In 
‘his case, the consumption coefficients refer to yearly per-capita 
consumption; but, as a normal practice, the technical coeffi- 
cients are referred to that fraction of the unit of time which 
corresponds to actual working time. If this is done, the a,,’s 
and the a,;s come to be no longer expressed in terms of the 
same number of people and not even to refer to the same unit 
of time. 
To be consistent, a correction must be made on the technic- 
al coefficients and the simplest way to do it is to divide each of 
‘hem by two parameters, the first of which — let us call it à — 
representing the proportion of active. to total population, and 
the second — let use call it 3 — representing the proportion 
of, let us say, working hours to the total number of hours form- 
ing the unit of time considered. Evidently: 
10] Pasinetti - pag. 43