collection of paintings, together with the palatial Frick 
home in Fifth Avenue, New York, is left by Mr. Frick in 
his will to the city of New York, the transfer to be made 
on the death of his widow. It is in this particular dis- 
position of his works of art, said Mr. Cortissoz, a dis- 
tinguished critic, that Mr. Frick has done most to place 
11s countrymen in his debt. 
The pre-eminence of Pittsburgh as the Coal and Coke 
center of the world is undisputed. In the production of 
these industrial necessaries, the Pittsburgh District leads 
the world. One-fourth of the Coal and nearly one-half of 
the Coke produced in the United States are produced here. 
The industry dates back to 1760, two years after the build- 
of Fort Pitt, when the early settlers dug coal for fuel, just 
across the Monongahela River from “The Point.” The 
Geological Survey pronounces Pittsburgh Coal to be one of 
the most valuable in heat units of any produced in the 
United States, and the output of the district exceeds 100,- 
000,000 tons annually. In the year 1918, the production of 
bituminous coal in the United States totalled 579,385,820 
tons, of which Pennsylvania produced 178,550,741 tons. 
The output of Coke amounted to 56,478,372 tons, and of 
this total Pennsylvania made 26,723,645 tons, and most of 
Lhis being produced in the Pittsburgh District. Connells- 
ville reported for 1918, 37,061 Coke Ovens, and shipments 
of 16,138,590 tons. The high water mark of Connellsville 
Coke production was in 1916, when 38,362 ovens produced 
21,645,502 tons. In that year, the State of Pennsylvania 
produced 81,279,695 tons, and the entire country 54.538.- 
585 tons of Coke. 
Coal is not merely a black substance, more or less 
sooty and dirty to handle. It is not merely a fuel, the 
chief source of heat for manufacturing, transportation and 
domestic purposes. From coal, many charming colors 
are produced which enhance the beauty of fabrics, and 
from coal thousands of drugs are derived. for the use of 
the physician and chemist. 
Bituminous coal is the backbone, so to speak, of the 
great industrial and commercial life of the world. While 
the use of coal dates back to the earliest times, its con-