RAILWAYS, 141

will take time, but the railway administrations can materially assist by
making known to all employees and applicants for employment that
under no circumstances should bribes be offered. All new entrants should
be handed a printed statement of their duties and rights in the service,
which should also contain a warning to the effect that evidence of the
giving or receiving of bribes will result in the services of those concerned
being summarily terminated. The general adoption of regular serutinies
of registers of lower grades of labour and the appointment and promotion
 of as many grades as possible with the aid of labour bureaux
and selection boards should greatly assist in removing causes for
complaint.

Medical Examination.

Candidates for employment, are required to undergo a medical
examination by railway medical officers who decide whether or not
applicants reach the prescribed standard of vision and general physical
health. Further examinations take place as and when considered necessary
 by the administration and its medical advisers, If a worker, after
being confirmed in the service, is required to undergo a further medical
examination, it seems fair that, in the event of an adverse medical report
being received, the worker should be afforded, if he so desires, the right
to be examined by an independent specialist. We suggest that the selecbion
 of these specialists should be made by the head of the Medical Department
 in each province. The report of such specialist should be forwarded
 to the appropriate administrative officer of the railway concerned.
To prevent unnecessary appeals, a reasonable deposit should accompany
the appeal against the certificate of the railway medical officer and be
liable to forfeiture at the instance of the specialist. Should a worker be
considered medically unfit for the post held by him at the time of such
examination, every effort should be made to find him other work of which
he mav still be capable.

Racial Discrimination.

A substantial amount of evidence was put before us on the subject
 of racial discrimination. So far as railways are concerned, the term
is generally used to denote discrimination in respect of appointments,
pay, promotion and other matters in favour of Europeans or Anglo-Indians;
 in the case of the latter, communa] discrimination
would be a more accurate term. When the railways were being built
up, the officers and responsible subordinate grades were filled almost exclusively
 from these classes, and in very early days educated Indiang
did not seek employment of this character. Until recent years, preference
 was shown in respect of appointments and other matters to
Europeans and An glo-Indians on a]] railways and particularly on companymanaged
 railways. With the question of recruitment of officers we are
not directly concerned, but jt may be remarked that the policy of Indjanisation
 laid down by the Royal Commission on the Superior Civil Services
in India in 1924 is now followed. The main field of controversy now ig