LABOUR AND THE CONSTITUTION, 
467 
measures ; the views of the wider community can be effectively voiced 
in the legislatures themselves. The present system looks too much to 
the official element [or the interpretation of these views ; this is possibly 
a survival from the period when the majority in the legislature was not 
slected. 
An Industrial Council. 
We recommend the constitution by statute of an organisation 
by which representatives of employers,.of labour and of Governments 
would meet regularly in conference. The organisation, which might be 
called the Industrial Council, should be sufficiently large to ensure the 
adequate representation of the various interests involved, but it should 
not be too large to prevent members from making individual contributions 
to the discussions. The determination of the actual size and composition 
of the Council will require further examination, and this question may 
need reconsideration after some experience has been gained. On the basis 
of the present constitution and distribution of provinces, but excluding 
Burma, we give the following particulars, less as a definite recommenda- 
tion than as an illustration of the type of body we have in mind. 
Government members— 
3 representatives from the Central Government, 2 each from 
Bengal and Bombay, and 1 from each of the other major 
provinces, making 
Employers’ representatives— 
4 from Bengal, 3 from Bombay, 2 each from Madras, United Provinces 
and Bibarand Orissa, 1 from each of the other major provinces 
and 1 from the minor provinces collectively, making .. .. 
Labour representatives— 
Distributed similarly to the employers’ representatives, making ' 
Railway representatives— . 
2 representatives of State railways, 1 of company-managed railways 
and 3 of railway labour, making .. ‘e 
Nominated non-official members in es se 
Total - 57 
The last class should be nominated by the Central Government, who 
should use it to appoint at least one woman, and might also secure the 
inclusion of one or two economists or other non-official experts. Official 
experts, unless they happen to be nominated as representatives of Govern- 
ments, should be able to attend in the capacity of advisers. In our view 
the labour members should be elected by registered trade unions, and some 
such machinery as we have indicated earlier in connection with the parlia- 
mentary franchise might prove suitable for the purpose of these elections 
also. Where no trade unions of any size were in existence, it would be 
the duty of Government to nominate the labour representative. The 
employers’ representatives should also be elected by associations. Where 
a province has more than one representative of employers and of workers, 
it would be preferable to have single member constituencies rather than 
combined constituencies ; but whichever method is adopted, the voting 
power of employers’ associations should be approximately proportionate 
bo the number of workers which their members employ. We recommend 
that, when the new Constitution is framed, the Council, whether it has 
292