NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 253 
raising the value of money, s0 accurately describes the 
only process which can be termed with propriety measur- 
ing value, that I cannot resist the temptation of inserting 
it here in confirmation of my own views. 
¢¢ By this measure of commerce, viz. the quantity of 
silver, men measure the value of all other things. Thus to 
measure what the value of lead is to wheat, and of either 
of them to a certain sort of linen cloth, the quantity of 
silver that each is valued at, or sells for, needs only be 
known ; for if a yard of cloth be sold for half an ounce of 
silver, a bushel of wheat for one ounce, and a hundred 
weight of lead for two ounces; any one presently sees and 
says, that a bushel of wheat is double the value of a yard 
of that cloth, and but half the value of an hundred weight 
of lead.” — Further Considerations concerning raising the 
Value of Money. 
NOTE H (page 158). 
Many of the strictures which have been made on 
Mr. Ricardo’s writings, in this and other chapters, would 
be in some degree obviated if two things were conceded, 
namely, if we assumed that he was constantly speaking of 
real value, and if we were to grant him the absurdity 
which we have shown this expression to imply ; or, in other 
words, if we were to consider it as importing cost of 
production, without relation to the power of commanding 
in exchange. But then, although some inconsistencies