Richard Burthogge, 
597 
are entia cogitationis, all Phaenomena; Appearances that 
do no more exist without our faculties in the things 
themselves, than the Images that are seen in water or 
behind a glass do really exist in those places, where 
'hev seem tobe... 
Let us then inquire first into the thing, what is thing but 
modus concipiendi? a notion or sentiment that the mind has, 
of whatsoever any wise is, because it is? Thing indeed is the 
most general notion, but then it is but a notion, because it is 
general and has the most of a notion, because it is the most gene- 
val .. By this it plainly appears, that the meaning of the word: 
„thing“ is but an inadequate conception, arising in the mind upon 
its conversing with Objects (== Inhalte des Bewusstseins, der Vor- 
stellung) and so doth speak a certain particular sentiment which 
the mind has of them: a sentiment..that does not enter us 
into the knowledge of the Reality itself .. (may I so 
express it) of that which is, which we only apprehend 
inadequately under the Disguise and Masquerade of 
NVotions ... 
And as for Substance and Accident, which yet are the 
Ärst steps we make toward a distinct perceivance and knowledge 
of things; what are they, but likewise Modi concipiendi? 
Entities of Reason, or notions, that, it is true, are not without 
grounds, but yet have themselves no Formal being but 
only in the Mind, that frames them; there being no such 
thing in the World as a Substance, or an Accident any more 
than such a thing as an Subject, or an Adjunct; and yet we appre- 
hend not any thing but as one of these, to wit as a Substance 
ör as an Accident: so that we apprehend not any at all, just 
as they are, in their own realities, but only under the 
Top-knots and Dresses of Notions which our minds do 
put on them.“ 
Burthogge, An Essay upon Reason and the Nature of Spi- 
rits. London 1694. Chap. III, Sect. 1, p. 57 ff. 
%) „So the understanding discerns infinite Realities, infinite 
habitudes of things: not indeed immediately, but either under 
ihe sentiments of sense, or by means of its own. which I call