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Beyond the Punjab Frontier on the east comes
the state of Garhwal, which occupies a position similar
to the hill states already mentioned.
Border Tribes.

Along the frontier line from Khelat to Peshawar,
there exists a series of border tribes, practically
independent alike of British and Afghan rule. This
border land extends for a distance of about 8co
miles. These unruly neighbours give much trouble,
and are constantly raiding into British territory.
They are kept in check, or punished from time to
time by military expeditions by way of reprisal.
Where they conduct themselves with propriety, and
render assistance to the British government, they are
granted allowances, These congeries of tribes of
barbarians need not be described. Some of the
leading tribes are the Yusufzais, Judoons, Momands,
Afreedis, Orukzais, Wazeeris, Pathans, and Beluches.
Each of these is sub-divided into numerous clans
practically independent of one another. They live
in a difficult and poor country, the permanent occunation
 of which would be expensive and useless.

Nipal.

Still further east is the independent state of Nipal
extending from near Naini-Tal on the one side to
Darjeeling on the other. A British resident maintains
political relations between the two governments; but
the country is closed against all other interference.