302 
LEIPZIG. 2 
The following’ Table shows the birth, death and infantile mortality rates 
for the five years 1901-5 : — 
Birth rate per 1,000 
of population. 
Death rate per 1,000 
of population. 
Infantile mortality 
per 1,000 births. 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1901 
1905 
330 
315 
301 
301 
29 3 
18*6 
16-2 
17 9 
18-1 
17 3 
235 
189 
244 
243 
229 
In point of infant mortality Leipzig oceupies a middle position among the 
five principal cities of Saxony. To every 1,000 births in 1905 there were 229 
deaths of infants under one year old. The corresponding rates for Zwickau and 
Chemnitz were much higher than this, viz., 291 for the former and 286 for 
the latter, while those for Dresden and Plauen were somewhat lower, viz., 211 
and 204 respectively. As in all other German cities the rate of infant mortality 
has been declining in the last 15 years. Thus, wLereas the proportion of deaths 
of infants under one year old to every 1,000 births in Leipzig averaged 253 
during the quinquennial period 1891-5, in 1901-5 it had fallen to 228. 
Occupations, Wages and Hours of Labour. 
Though its wealth has been acquired by trading, Leipzig has in recent 
times been assuming more and more of the character of an industrial town, and 
as such it now claims to have surpassed Chemnitz. 
It had on May 1st, 1905, a total of 71,001 workpeople employed in 1,649 
establishments subject to inspection as factories or workshops. The following 
Table shows the distribution of these workpeople among the principal groups 
of trades :— 
Group of Trades. 
Building 
Metal-working and engineering 
Textiles 
Clothing 
Printing and allied trades 
Bookbinding, &c 
Woodworking and carving 
Food, drink, and tobacco ... 
Other 
Total . . 
Number of 
Establishments. 
33 
411 
38 
345 
225 
96 
114 
210 
177 
1,649 
Number of 
Workpeople. 
905 
21,166 
9,640 
5,465 
15,213 
6,458 
2,926 
3,562 
5,666 
71,001 
The great prominence of the printing and allied trades among the 
industries of Leipzig is reflected in the above figures, no less than 321 establish 
ments, with 21,671 operatives, being employed either in printing and similar 
processes or in bookbinding, &e. A considerable number, moreover, of the 
21,166 operatives grouped under the heading " metal-working and engineering” 
are employed in the production of various kinds of plant required in printing 
and bookbinding works. Under the same heading are comprised the manu 
facture of agricultural machines, wood-working machines, pianos, music-boxes, 
type-wu'iting machines and motor-car bodies. The next in importance among 
the industries of Leipzig is the woollen and worsted manufacture (wool and 
worsted spinning, wool-combing and wool-weaving). Among the wood-wmrking 
trades, furniture-making and parquet-laying are greatest in local importance. 
The building trades are practically unrepresented in the Table, being usually 
carried on under conditions which exclude them from the operation of the 
Factory and Workshop Acts. Acccording to an estimate made by the local 
Trades Council there are some 14,000 workpeople in these trades in Leipzig. 
Both as regards the numerical strength of its labour organisations and the 
influence of these organisations on local labour conditions, Leipzig stands out 
prominently among the great cities of Germany. On January 1st, 1907, the