cHAP. Tv] IMMIGRATION OF COLOURED RACES 1079 
and though this Act has been amended in detail in 1908 
(No. 230) and 1910 (No. 16) to lessen hardship, it still is in 
practical effect. An appeal from the Chinese of the Dominion 
met with a courteous reply from the Secretary of State, but 
also with a definite refusal to interfere in the legislation of 
the Dominion, as it was a matter for their decision! The 
number of Chinese in the Colony is steadily diminishing, and 
a Factories Act (No. 67) of 1910 is intended to prevent them 
monopolizing the laundry business, but it does not in terms 
attack Asiatics or Chinese. 
In Canada in 1900 (c. 32) the poll-tax was made a hundred 
dollars, but the number of Chinese increased, and a Royal 
Commission was appointed to inquire into the situation ; in 
1902 they sent in a most valuable and able report, and recom- 
mended that the poll-tax should be raised to $500, and this 
was done in 1903 (c. 8), a protest from the Chinese being 
overruled, and the situation has since remained unchanged, 
except that certain concessions were made in 1908 (c. 14) in 
regard to bona-fide students and others.? On the other hand, 
an Act of 1911 restricts the entry of merchants by insisting 
on proof of bona fides. The number who pay this tax is quite 
considerable, and Canada is prepared to negotiate with China 
an arrangement similar to that in force with Japan for a 
check at the other end. 
In South Africa the famous experiment of Chinese labour 
in the Transvaal ? initiated under Crown Colony Government, 
and merely continued under responsible government, evoked 
an anti-Chinese Act from the Cape in 1904,* which prevented 
further Chinese immigration altogether except in the case of 
British subjects, and Newfoundland passed a similar Act in 
t New Zealand Parl. Pap., 1908, A. 1, pp. 15, 19; 1909, A. 2, p. 7 
Parliamentary Debates, 1907, cxlii. 838 seq., 923 seq., 961 seq. 
* See Sess. Pap., 1902,No. 54. In Union Colliery Co. of British Columbia 
v. Bryden, [1899] A. C. 580, a provincial Act forbidding the employment 
of Chinese underground was held to be ultra vires, as being in fact an Act 
to prevent Chinese living in British Columbia. See above, p. 698. 
3 See Parl. Pap., Cd. 1895, 1898, 1899, 1941, 1945, 1986, 2025, 2026, 2105, 
2183 (1904) ; 2401 (1905) ; 2786, 2788, 2819, 3025; H.C. 114, 156 (1906); 
3328, 3045 (1907) ; 3994 (1908). ¢ No. 37; No. 15 of 1906.