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All questions between Government and ‘the landholders
 respecting the assessment and collection of
the revenue, and disputed claims between the latter
and their ryots, or other persons concerned in the
collection of their rents, being left to the civil
courts.

The preamble to Regulation I1 of 1793 laid
down the principle that the revenue officers must be
deprived of their judicial powers; that all financial
claims of the public, when disputed under the Regulations,
 must be subjected to the cognizance of
Courts of Judicature, superintended by Judges who,
from their official situations and the nature of their
trusts, shall not only be wholly uninterested in the
result of their decisions, but bound to decide impartially
 between the public and proprietors of land,
and also between the latter and their tenants, The
collectors of the revenue must not only be divested
of the power of deciding upon their own acts, but
rendered amenable for them to the Courts of
Judicature, and must collect the public dues subject
to a personal prosecution for every exaction exceeding
 the amount which they are authorized to demand
on behalf of the public, and for every deviation from
the regulations prescribed for the collection of it.
Although this policy was at once given effect,
constant attempts were successfully made, in later
times, in the interests of the executive, to depart
from it. At the present day the law in force through