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CHAPTER IX.

THE CIVIL ADMINISTRATION.
Its Orpanszation.

The duties of the civil administration of British
India are principally connected with the collection
of the revenue, the maintenance of order, the
dispensation of justice, the spread of education,
and the development of public works.

For the purposes of the civil administration
each presidency or province is divided into dstricts,
which form the units of administration. The
districts are sub-divided into tahsils or parganas
for purposes of internal management; and for
certain purposes chiefly connected with the land
revenue system, there is a still further distribution
into circles or groups of villages, such as the tuppa
or sulka and the zal,

The districts are grouped into divisions varying
 with the requirements of the different centralized
 departments or of administrative or judicial
convenience,

The larger divisions, comprising districts and
divisions, are the presidencies, provinces, and
administrations constituting local governments,
the whole of which are subordinate to the Government
 of India.