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earliest times a very large subordinate agency has
been maintained to aid in carrying out the details
of government business, and to fill the subordinate
judicial and executive posts in the administration.
This agency has, under the influence of various
circumstances, extended to such a degree that a
very large portion of the real work is done by it.
The agency locally obtained, whether native or
European, is much more economical than that
which is imported, and hence there has been a
tendency to confine the latter to the superior and
more important posts, supplementing it with
officers locally obtained. The general business
has grown so rapidly that a very large subordinate
judicial and executive agency has had to be employed,
 in addition to the vast body of clerks
and ministerial officers. Most of the departments
outside the civil administration are officered by
persons engaged in the country. Excluding the
commissioned and covenanted officers of the army
and civil service, respectively, and the covenanted
officers engaged in England for the public works,
forest, telegraph, education, and other departments,
the whole body of government employés in receipt
of a salary of Rs. 10 a month and upwards, are
termed ‘‘ uncovenanted,” and are said to belong to
the “uncovenanted service.” The term embraces
alike such of the judges of the high and chief
courts as are not covenanted civilians, and petty
clerks and officials in the courts and offices. With